初中生物竞赛试题与解法示例(实验部分)

本专业培养掌握生物技术及其产业化的科学原理、工艺技术过程和工程设计等基础理论、基本技能，能在生物工程和生物技术领域从事设计、生产、管理和新技术研究、新产品开发的工程技术人才。IsignedwiththeBankoftheqiluBankloancontract(contract)conventions,andIusescheme,Iwouldrequesttheloans(inwords)untilIopenedpersonalsettlementaccountwithyourBank(account),usesloanfor。Loanoperation,businessunitname:accountnumber:loanfundsfromthesepersonalsettlementaccountintotheaccountofapayment.Loansinaccordancewiththefollowingpaymentmethodstopay.One,lendertrusteepayment.DelegateqiluBankloanfundsoftheborrowertomeetthestipulationofthecontractthefollowingborrowers,counterparties,commitmentfunds,regulatorycompliance,legal,andwillingtotakethepaydisputes,lossandotherconsequencesofthedelegate.PayeeaccountnumberBanknameamountpurposeII,borrowersownpaymentmethods.QiluBankaccordingtotheborrower'swithdrawalrequesttoloanfundsdisburseddirectlytotheborrower'saccount,andindependentlybytheborrowerpaymentstoborrowerswhomeetthestipulationofthecontracttransactions.Iguaranteetoyourbankcontractsandotherproveofmaterialsubmittedbyrealandeffective.Wheninaccordancewithonepayment,Iagreewiththeaboveaccountwithyourbankloanfundsthatarenotusedforstoppaymentmanagement,stoppaidconfirmedbookrecordstablesingle13:liftedcheckpaynoticerecordstablesingle14:personalloanaheadofrepaymentapplicationacceptedtableRecordstablesingle15:loanlinesopened/cancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle16:qilucardawardletterselfloanlinescancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle17:loanlinescancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle18:qiluBankloanurgedreceivednoticerecordstablesingle19:arrived(quality)betrealrightprovedoutlibrarylistingrecordstablesingle20:housingmortgagerightcancellationprovedrecordstablesingle21:personalpledgeloanrepaymentcommitmentletter11.scheduleSpontaneousdateofpromulgationofthispractice,thisprocedureisissuedpriortotheimplementationoftherelevantprovisionsareinconsistentwiththisregulation,issubjecttothisregulation.TheriskmanagementDepartmentisresponsiblefortheinterpretationandamendmentofproceduresbytheheadoffice.Breakthroughtherestrictionsimposedbythispractice,shouldsubmitfileexplanationsauthoritiesfileexplanationdeemednecessaryandsubmittedtotheHeadOfficeoftheloanReviewCommitteeforapproval.Recordform1:personalloancustomerconversationtranscripttomegiventheloanapplicantbankpersonalloanapplications,accordingtoqiluBankpersonalloaninterviewsregulationsandinterviewsonthefollowingissueswiththeborrowerandtheguarantor,pleaserespond,andensurecontentauthenticity.1,yourpersonalloanapplicationmaterialsmustbesubmittedtotheqiluBankistrue,otherwiseyoushouldbearthecorrespondinglegalresponsibility.Inthisregard,doyouunderstand?Yes()No()2,youapplyforpersonalloansamountingtomillionofperiodofmonths,youdecidetotaketherepaymentoptionsare:dueaone-offdebt(),monthlyinterest,to...QiluBank:初中生物竞赛试题与解法示例（实验部分）一、例题解析例1．用显微镜的几组不同镜头来观察同一装片，下列哪组目镜和物镜配合使用，分辨力最高?（）Ａ．5×和10×Ｂ．5×和40×Ｃ．5×和100×（油）Ｄ．15×和40×解析：显微镜能区分两物点之间最小距离的能力称为分辨力，这个距离越小，分辨力越高。显微镜的总放大倍数等于目镜倍数乘以物镜倍数。显微镜的总放大倍数与分辨力是两个完全不同的概念，要区分开来。分辨力（R）可用公式表示为：Ｒ＝0．61λ/Ｎ·Ａ，Ｒ值越小分辨力越高，其中Ｎ·Ａ＝ｎ·ｓｉｎ（α/2），即Ｒ＝0．61λ/（ｎ·ｓｉｎ（α/2）），公式中λ为光的波长，ｎ是介质的折射率，α为物镜的镜口角（见图1）。从分辨力的公式可以推知：显微镜的分辨力与光的波长成反比，与介质折射率及ｓｉｎ（α/2）值成正比。从图1中可知，0＜α＜180°，0＜（α/2）＜90°，故有：0＜ｓｉｎ（α/2）＜1。ｓｉｎ（α/2）的值由物镜倍数决定，在同等情况下物镜倍数越大，ｓｉｎ（α/2）值越大，分辨力越大。因此，显微镜的分辨力只与物镜有关，与目镜无关，这与总放大倍数显然不同。答案：C。例2．现有一幼期木本植物材料，请通过徒手切片法制成该材料横切面的临时装片，在显微镜下判断该材料是属于根还是属于茎?解析：这是实验考试中经常碰到的一类运用植物形态解剖学知识判断植物器官种类（属于根、茎、叶或叶柄等）的问题。解题的关键一是要掌握好徒手切片、制作临时装片的实验技术；二是要掌握好植物营养器官的结构特点及各营养器官的区分标准。本题关于根、茎结构上的区分特征可归纳为：根的表皮具有根毛，壁薄，无气孔，皮层发达，分为三层，内皮层具凯氏带，具中柱鞘，初生木质部和初生韧皮部相间排列，并各自成束，初生木质部和初生韧皮部的发育均为外始式，不具有髓射线，一般无髓的分化；茎的表皮具气孔，且外壁常角质化，皮层不发达，一般无凯氏带、中柱鞘，维管束成束状，筒状排列或排成一轮，初生木质部的发育方式为内始式，初生韧皮部的发育方式为外始式，初生木质部和初生韧皮部相对排列，具有髓，髓射线明显。（考试中出示的材料在外形上是极难区分各器官的）例3．将10ｍｌ酵母液放在适宜温度下培养，并于不同时间内等量均匀取样4次，分别测定样品中酵母菌的数量和ｐＨ值，结果如表1所示，请分析回答：图1酵母菌的数量和ｐＨ值样品酵母菌数量（个/ｍｍ３）ｐＨ112104．828205．4312103．7410005．0（1）推测表中样品的取值先后顺序为。（2）对酵母菌而言，100ｍｌ该培养液的环境负荷量为个。（3）若第5次均匀取样时，样品中的酵母菌数量为760个/mm３。产生这一结果的原因是。本专业培养掌握生物技术及其产业化的科学原理、工艺技术过程和工程设计等基础理论、基本技能，能在生物工程和生物技术领域从事设计、生产、管理和新技术研究、新产品开发的工程技术人才。IsignedwiththeBankoftheqiluBankloancontract(contract)conventions,andIusescheme,Iwouldrequesttheloans(inwords)untilIopenedpersonalsettlementaccountwithyourBank(account),usesloanfor。Loanoperation,businessunitname:accountnumber:loanfundsfromthesepersonalsettlementaccountintotheaccountofapayment.Loansinaccordancewiththefollowingpaymentmethodstopay.One,lendertrusteepayment.DelegateqiluBankloanfundsoftheborrowertomeetthestipulationofthecontractthefollowingborrowers,counterparties,commitmentfunds,regulatorycompliance,legal,andwillingtotakethepaydisputes,lossandotherconsequencesofthedelegate.PayeeaccountnumberBanknameamountpurposeII,borrowersownpaymentmethods.QiluBankaccordingtotheborrower'swithdrawalrequesttoloanfundsdisburseddirectlytotheborrower'saccount,andindependentlybytheborrowerpaymentstoborrowerswhomeetthestipulationofthecontracttransactions.Iguaranteetoyourbankcontractsandotherproveofmaterialsubmittedbyrealandeffective.Wheninaccordancewithonepayment,Iagreewiththeaboveaccountwithyourban