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Cross–culturalcommunicationThesisstatement:Thispaperismainlytalkingabouttheculturedifferencesbetweenseveralcountries.Outline:Chapter1:LanguageandcultureincommunicationChapter2:CultureshockChapter3:What’sinaname?Chapter4:SocialinteractionChapter5:RolesandrelationsChapter6:Non-verbalcommunicationChapter7:Inotherwords.Chapter8:FromaprimitiveTribetoaGlobalVillageConclusionChapter1:LanguageandcultureincommunicationThereisnodenyingthefactthatoutdailylivesdependlargelyoncommunication,withoutitwecan’tknoweachother.So,weshouldcometorealizethatcommunicationisofgreatimportance.Whatiscommunication?Intotal,communicationcanbedividedintotwoparts;theyareverbalcommunicationandnon-verbalcommunication.However,differentpeopleholddifferentopinionsaboutcommunication.Ingeneral,ifthereiscommunication,theremusthave4cases:thereareatleasttwoormorepeople,somecontactbetweencommunicators,alanguagesharedbycommunicators,anexchangeofinformationhastakenplace.Ijusttakethefistoneforexample.Supposethereisoneperson,therecan’tbecommunication.Otherwise,hemaytalktohimself.Communicationnotjustexistinhuman-beingsTherearefivekindsofcommunicationstheyarehumancommunication,animalcommunication,human-animalcommunication,humanmachinecommunication,machinecommunication.So,Animalsandmachinescanalsocommunicatewitheachother.Forhumanbeings,howcanwecommunicatewitheachother?Expertssaythattherearevariouskindsofcommunication.Nowadays,therearedifferentkindsoftoolsforustocommunicate.Forpeoplewecanusetelephoneandcomputertocommunicatewitheachother.Bythem,finallywecanreceivemessage.Whatissocialsituation?Whentherearetwoormorepeoplegathertodoajoboranactivity,thenitcreatesasocialsituation.Thatistosay,anindividualworkingalonecannotconstituteasocialsAsocialsituationmayhavetwodefinitions.Oneisgivenbythecommunity,andtheotherbytheparticipants.Finally,weshouldnoticethatbeingpoliteplaysacrucialroleinsocialsituation.Chapter2:CultureshockWeshouldnotonlyknowwhatcommunicationisbutweshouldknowwhatcultureshockis.Incontemporarysociety,asourcountryisdevelopingfasterandfaster,moreandmoreforeignerswillcometoourcountry.Communicatingwithforeignersisaninterestingthing.However,thereisnodoubtthatitcaneasilycausemisunderstandingwhichiscalledcultureshock.Thereareseveralkindsofcultureshock.Hospitality:Firstofall,inBritain,hospitalitycannotbejudgedbywhetherhostsputthefoodintoyourdishes,inthere,everyonehasowndishes,everyonehelpsthemselves.Bycontrast,inourcountry,whenwehaveguests,hostsmayputthefoodintoguest’sdishestoshowtheirhospitality,sothisisdifferent.Politeness:Whenitcomestothisword,inmanycase,foreignersweredescribedasbeingpolitethanChinese.Forexample,whenwefinishwork,foreignersmaysaythankyoutous,althoughitisoutduties.However,forChinese,theyseldomsaythankyoubecausetheythinksomeonewhoservesthemaretheirduties.What’smore,whenwegetalongwithforeigners,weshouldavoidaskingtheirsalaries,jobsandreligiousandsoon.Fortheyoung,it’sallrighttoasktheirages,fortheadults,thisquestionisnotallowed,especiallyforthefemales.Butinchina,thesequestionsareallowed.Inconclusion,whenwefacethesecultureshocks,itisbettertokeepacoolhead,andthenmakeanadjustmenttowardit,finally,wecancopewithit.Astimegoesby,wecanadaptit.Forexample,AmericanJewishandIsrael,thetwogroupsareequalandintegration.Bothgroupshavepositiveattitudestowardoneanother.SoIamsurethatafterlearningthisunit,wecanknowalotaboutcultureshockandcaneasilycommunicatewithforeigners.Chapter3:What’sinaname?Thetopicofunitthreeis“what’sinaname?”Asisknowntoall,theEnglishnameisdifferentfromtheChinesename.TheChinesenameconsistsoffamilynameandgivenname,withfamilynameputfirst.Butincontrast,thefamilynameofEnglishnameiscominglast.MostEnglishpeoplehavethreenames.Thelastname,orsurnameisthefamilyname.Thisisthefamilynameofthefatherandisgiventoallhischildren.Andthefirstnameisgiventothechildatbirth,whichiscalled“givenname”.AndanothernameusedtorefertothemisChristianname.However,ChinesenamecangiveallsortsofinformationaboutaChinesepeople.theymaygivetheaddress,thebirthday,andalsotellusaboutthefamilyrelationship,ethicgroups,sexandtheparents’expectationfortheirchildren.Atthesametime,inChinesetheuseofkintermsiscloselyrelatedtoagepoliteness,suchasthatchildrenareexpectedtocallanoldlady,Grannyandcallamaleadultwhoisolderthantheirfathers,elderuncle.Theappropriateandextenduseofkintermaccordingtoageistakenasreflectinggoodmanners.Chapter4:SocialinteractionWhatis“socialinteraction”.Itisthetopicofunitfour.Socialinteractionisanimportantwayofhumanexistence,anditisdifferentfromotheranimals’communication.Andit’smeaningful.Differentcountrieshavedifferentsocialinteractions.ManyChinesepeopletendtoaskage,maritalstatus,andevensalarywhentheymeeteachotherfirst.TotheChinesepeople,theseareopenconversationaltopic.andChinesepeoplepaymuchattentiontofamilylife.Sointheirsparetime,theywilltalkaboutthefamilymemberfeaturesasacommontopic.Itissonatural.Andthesalaryisnotasecret.andwhenaChineseoffersrefreshmentsordrinkstohiscolleague,hiscolleagueoftendeclinestheofferpolitely,becausehedon’twanttotroublethepersonwhooffers.Anditalsoshowsh