英语国家概况名词解释(全部版)

国概名词解释(全部版)1.TheThamesRiverTheThamesRiveristhesecondlargestandmostimportantriverinBritain.Itis336KMlong,risinginsouthwestEnglandandflowingthroughEnglandandoutintotheNorthSea.Itflowsratherslowly,whichisveryfavorableforwatertransportation.2.TheHighLandersTheyaretheScotswholiveinthemountainousregionsoftheHighlandsinNorthernScotland.Theyareaproud,independentandhardypeoplewhomaintaintheirstrongculturalidentity.Theymainlylivebyfarmingsheepinmountainareasorfishingonthecoastsandislands.3.TheBritishCommonwealth英联邦TheBritishEmpirewasreplacedbytheBritishCommonwealthortheCommonwealthofNationsin1931.ItisafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.Membernationsarejoinedtogethereconomicallyandhavecertaintradingarrangements.TheCommonwealthhasnospecialpowers.ThedecisiontobecomeamemberoftheCommonwealthislefttoeachmembernation.Atpresentthereare50memberscountieswhitinthecommonwealth(1991).是曾为英国殖民地，但现在已经独立构成的自由联合体。4.Cockney伦敦佬AcockneyisaLondonerwhoisbornwithinthesoundofBowBells-theBellsofthechurchofSt.Mary-LeBowineastLondon5.Eisteddfodaufestivalsofsonganddanceandpoetrycelebratedbythewelshthroughtheyear.Bythiswaythewelshkeepthewelshlanguageandwelshculturealive.6.TheMaritimeClimate海洋性气候Thetypeofclimatewhenwinterismild,nottoocoldandsummeriscool,nottoohot,andithasasteadyreliablerainfallthroughoutthewholeyear.7.TheEnglishChannelAChannelthatseparatesBritainfromtherestofFranceisquitenarrow.Achanneltunnelunderthischannelwasbuiltin1994tojointhetwocountriestogether.8.TheChunnel英吉利海峡隧道In1985theBritishgovernmentandFrenchgovernmentdecidedtobuildachanneltunnel,whichiscalled“Chunnel”,undertheStraitsofDoversothatEnglandandFrancecouldbejoinedtogetherbyroad.TheChunnelwasopentotrafficinMay1994.9.“peasoup”fogs伦敦雾thefamous“peasoup”fogswerethickheavyyellowfogsofLondonandothercitiesseldomoccuranymore.厚的\重的\黄色的雾气10.BritishislesTheBritishIslesismadeupoftwolargeislandsandhundredsofsmallones.ThetwolargeislandsareGreatBritainandIreland.11.Stonehenge:巨石阵ItisacirculargroupoflargestandingstonesonSalisburyPlain,Wiltshire,regardedasoneofthemostimportantmonuments纪念碑ofitskindinEurope,andverypopularwithvisitors.12.Thomasbecket:托马斯hewasEnglishchurchmanandstatesman.hebecameChancellorofEnglandunderHenryIIin1155.hewasappointedArchibishopofCanterburyin1162.13.GeoffreyChaucerHewasanimportantEnglishpoetinthefourteenthcentury.HisbestknownisTheCanterburyTales,whichdescribesagroupofpilgrimstravellingtoCanterburytovisitThomasBecket’stomb坟墓.BecausehewasthefirstimportantEnglishpoettowriteinEnglish.Hehasbeenknownasthe“FatherofEnglishPoetry”.14.Joanofarc:圣女贞德shewasanationalheroineofFranceduringthehundredyear’swar,shesuccessfullyledthefrancetodrivetheEnglishoutoffrance.15.lollards:罗拉德派theywerepoorpriestsandtravelingpreacherswhowerejohnwyclif’sfollowers.theyplayedanimportantroleinthementalpreparationsforthepeasantuprisingof1381.theypreachingtheequalityofmenbeforegod.16.ThePuritans清教徒ThePuritanswerewealthy,well-educatedgentlemen.TheywantedtopurifytheChurchofEnglandandthreatenedwithreligiouspersecution,thePuritansleaderssawtheNewworldasthearefugeprovidedbyGodforthoseHemeanttosave.17.JuliusCaesarHewasagreatRomangeneral.In55BCand54BC,heinvadedBritaintwice.BecauseoftheresistenceoftheBritishpeople,hewithdrewwithhostagesandprisoners.That'sthebeginningoftheRomaninvasion.带着人质和俘虏撤退。18.TheHardrian'sWallItwasoneoftwogreatwallsbuiltbytheRomanstokeepthePictsoutoftheareatheyhadconquered.由罗马人修建，把皮克特人挡在已征服的地区之外。19.Heptarchy七王国DuringtheAnglo-Saxon'stime,Britainwasdividedintomanykingdoms,amongwhichthereweresevenprincipalkingdomsofKent,Essex,Sussex,Wessex,EastAnglia,MerciaandNorthumbria.TheyweregiventhenameofHeptarchy.20.St.AugustineIn597,PopeGregoryIsentSt.AugustinetoEnglandtoconverttheEnglishPeopletoChristianity.Hewasverysuccessfulinconvertingthekingandthenobility.HewasthefirstarchbishopofCanterbury.教皇，格里高力一世派圣奥古斯丁到英格兰去使英格兰人皈依基督教。21.Witan贤人会议Witanwasthecouncilormeetingofthewisemen.ItwascreatedbytheAnglo-Saxonstoadvisetheking.It'sthebasisofthePrivyCouncilwhichstillexiststoday.22.AlfredtheGreatAlfredwasastrongkingofWessex.HedefeatedtheDanesandreachedafriendlyagreementwiththem.HefoundedastrongfleetandisknownasThefatheroftheBritishnavy.HereorganizedtheSaxonarmy,makingitmoreefficient.Healsotranslatedbooksandestablishedschools.AllthisearnedhimthetitleAlfredtheGreat.23.WilliamtheConqueror威廉征服WilliamwasDukeofNormandy.HelandedhisarmyinOct.1066anddefeatedkingHarold.ThenhewascrownedkingofEnglandonChristmasDaythesameyear.HeestablishedastrongNormangovernmentandthefeudalsysteminEngland.建立了封建制度24.ThebattleofHastingsIn1066,KingEdwarddiedwithnoheir,theWitanchoseHaroldasking.William,DukeofNormandy,invadedEngland.OnOctober14,thetwoarmiesmetnearHasting.Afteraday'sbattle,Haroldwaskilledandhisarmycompletelydefeated.SothisbattlewasveryimportantonthewayoftheRomanconquest.哈罗德被威廉击败。25.TheDanelaw施行丹麦法的地区Bythemiddleoftheninthcentury,theVikingsandtheDaneswereposingathreattotheSaxonkingdomofWessexwhosecapitalwasWinchester.Alfred,KingofWessex,wasstrongenoughtodefeattheDanesandcametoarelativelyfriendlyagr