中考英语重点单词和短语用法总结1cost/take/spend/pay花费2花费时间做某事:Ittakessbsometimetodosth.=sbspendsometime(in)doingsth.=sbspendsometimeonsth.某人花钱买某物:sbspendsomemoneyonsth.=sbpaysomemoneyforsth.=sthcostsb.somemoney.※spend和pay主语都是人,cost主语是物。※spent还可以指“度过”→Howdidyouspendyourweekend?2thanksfor为…而感谢thanksto多亏/由于3感叹句:多么…what+名词how+形容词/副词4因为、由于:because(连词)+从句:(表示原因)becauseof(介词短语)+名词(短语)=thanksto※because和so不能同时连用。5来自:befrom=comefrom6How~Howoften对频率提问(多久一次)→回答用表示频率的副词或短语Howlong对一段时间提问(多久)→回答用表示一段时间的状语Howsoon对将来时间提问(多久)→回答用in+时间段Howfar询问多长距离(多长)7乘交通工具:takea/the+交通工具在句中作谓语by+交通工具=ona交通工具在句中作方式状语交通工具有:train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane...※骑自行车、马或驴用ride:rideone’sbike/rideahorse/rideadonkeyinone’scar8对不起:Excuseme(劳驾,客套话)Sorry(表示道歉)9声音:sound(自然界各种声音)noise(噪音)voice(悦耳的声音:嗓子)10looklike(外貌看起来像…)belike(性格像…)11take…to…带去bring…to…带来fetch没有方向性(强调来回)12一些:some用于肯定句any用于否定句和疑问句※在一般疑问句中,认为对方的答案会是肯定的,或期望得到对方肯定回答时,也用some。13多少:Howmany修饰可数名词复数Howmuch修饰不可数名词※Howmuch可对价钱提问:Howmucharethepotatoes?14看:see强调看的结果look(at)不及物动词,强调看的动作watch观看:比赛、电视、表演、电影read读,朗读:看书、看报、看信、看杂志※OnSaturdaynight.Isawaninterestingtalkshow.OnSaturdayevening.severalkidswatchedamovie.watchamovie=gotoamovie15stopdoingsth停止做某事→Pleasestoptalkingstoptodosth停下来去做别的事16forget/remember后接不定式表示未发生的动作forget/remembertodosth(忘记/记得去做某事)→Heforgottoturnoffthelight.(没有做关灯的动作)Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.orget/remember后接ving表示已发生的动作:△forget/rememberdoingsth(忘记/记得做过某事)→Heforgotturningoffthelight。(已做过关灯的动作)17到达…reach+地点getto+地点reach=gettoarrive+in+大地点arrive+at+小地点※当getto和arriveat/in后接地点副词时,都不加介词。如:gethomegetthere省略to18擅长,在…方面做得好:begoodat=dowellin19win(赢得)接agame、war、amatch、aprizebeat(打败、战胜)接运动员、球队、对手等。33借/还。lend/borrow借borrowsth.fromsb=borrowsb.sth向某人借某物→borrow借入lendsth.tosb=lendsb.sth把某物借给某人→lend借出keep延续性动词,与一段时间连用。※类似用法的还有:buy—haveputon—wearbecome—beleave—beawayfromopen—beopenbegin—beondie—bedeadreturn—beback21能,会。beableto,can※情态动词后面都接动词原形。22太~too~toomany太多—修饰可数名词复数→Ihavetoomanyrulesinmyhouse.toomuch太多—修饰不可数名词→Maybeyouhavetoomuchyin.muchtoo太—后跟形容词或副词原级→Thiscoatismuchtooexpensive.23have/hasbeento去过某地→HehasbeentoBeijing.(现在不在北京)have/hasgoneto去了某地→HehasgonetoBeijing.(现在可能在北京,或在去北京的途中)have/hasbeenin/at在某地24usedtodosth.过去常做某事→Thisriverusedtobeveryclean.be(get)usedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事→I’mnotusedtogettingupearly.beusedtodosth=beusedfordoingsth.被用于做某事→Pensareusedforwriting.26belongto+名词/人称代词宾格(属于)be+名词所有格/名词性物主代词(是)26can’t不可能表示推测、判断could/might也许、可能50﹪—80﹪must肯定、一定100﹪27bemadefrom(由…制成)看不出原材料bemadeof(由…制成)看得出原材料27prefertodosth宁愿做某事prefersth。tosth。喜欢…而不喜欢…preferdoingsth。todoingsth。喜欢做…而不喜欢做…26一些表示人的情感或情绪的形容词:—ed修饰人—ing修饰物※interesting(有趣的)—interested(感兴趣的)tiring(累人的)—tired(累的,疲倦的)boring(令人无聊的)—bored(无聊的)exciting(令人兴奋的)—excited(激动的)surprising(令人惊讶的)—surprised(惊讶的)relaxing(令人放松的)—relaxed(放松的)embarrassing(令人尴尬的;令人为难的)—embarrassed(尴尬的;为难的)29thenumberof+名词复数(…的数量)作主语,谓语用单数。anumberof+名词复数(许多、一些)=many31for+一段时间since+时间点/过去时的句子※for和since可以相互转换。如:Jennyhasbeencollectingcoinsforseveralyears.=Jennyhasbeencollectingcoinssinceseveralyears______.32除…之外except(不包括在内)→EveryonecouldanswerthisquestionexceptJim.besides(包括在内)→Therearethreegirlsbesidesme.34已经already用于肯定句中(已经)yet用于疑问句末(已经)用于否定句末(还)34否定祈使句Don’t+v.No+v.ing/n.35也too放肯定句末和疑问句末→Doyouplaysoccereveryday,too?either放否定句末also放肯定句中※also放在实意动词前,be之后.36bestrictwithsb.对某人要求严格bestrictinsth.对某事要求严格37需要做某事needtodosth主语是人needdoingsth主语是物39穿过through→介词:从内部穿过(park)across→介词:从表面穿过cross→动词(road,street,bridge)39提建议的方式Whydon’tyoudosth=Whynotdosth.How/whataboutdoingsth.Let’sdosth.40也~So+助/系/情态+主语表示肯定意义(…也是如此)Neither+助/系/情态+主语表示否定意义(…也不)※它们都属于倒装句。41都both两者all三者或三者以上都42独自alone单独,独自一人→Heisaloneathomelonely孤独的,寂寞的。有一定的感情色彩→Helivesalonelylifeinthecountry.41inthetree外来的→Isawacatinthetree.onthetree长在树上的→Therearemanyapplesonthetree.44inthewall指在墙体内onthewall指在墙体表面45onthebed指物品在床上→Mybagisonthebed.inbed指人躺在床上→Lilyisillinbed.46引导结果状语从句:so和such(如此…以至于…)so是副词,后接adj和adv。句型:△so+adj/adv+that从句→Heworkedsohardthathegotthefirstprize.△so+adj+a(n)+n.+that从句=such+a(n)+adj+n。+that从句→ThatwassointerestingastorythatIreadittwice.=ThatwassuchaninterestingstorythatIreadittwice.such是形容词,后接n.句型:△such+a(n)+adj+n.+that从句→Heissuchahard-workingstudentthatalltheteacherslovehim.△such+pl./不可数n+that从句→Itissuchgoodweatherthatwecangoswimming.※在名词前有many/much/few/little这些词修饰时,要用so…that。so…that句型的否定形式可用简单句too…to或not…enoughto代替。如:Heissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.=Heistooyoungtogotoschool.=Heisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.49引导时间状语从句:when+延续性/短暂性动词→WhenIwaswatchingTV,hecamein.=Whenhecamein,IwaswatchingTV.while+延续性动词(多用进行时)→WhileIwasinShanghai,Ivisitedhim.48attheageof和when引导的时间状语可以互换49instead放句首、句末insteadof+n/pron/ving=ratherthan50befamousas(作为…而知名)as+职业/身份/地位→YiYuchunisfamousasasupergirl.befamousfor(以…而著名)for+出名的原因→HangzhouisfamousfortheWestLake.51Itseemsthat+从句看起来像是…似乎/好像…(sb/sth)seemstodosth53“疑问词+动词不定式”与“宾语从句”的互换※宾语从句应该用陈述语序。如:Couldyou51问题/难题question由于疑惑不解而提出的问题,多和ask/answer搭配使用.problem指有待解决的较难的问题或物理/数学方面的题等,多与solve/workout搭配.54family家/家庭(强调家庭成员,与居住的房子无关)→Myfamilyarekindpeople.home家(指人出生或居住的地方,带有一定感情色彩)→Welcometomyhome.house房子/住宅(居住的建筑物)→T