搜索
限定词（determiner)限定词是在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指、泛指、定量或不定量等限定作用的一类词。一、英语限定词种类1.定冠词,不定冠词,零冠词。如：the,a2.名词属格。如：myfriend’s,Tom’ｓ…3.物主限定词。如:my,your…4.指示限定词。如：this,that,these,those,such…5.疑问限定词。如：what,whose,which…6.关系限定词。如：which,whose…7.不定限定词。如：some,any,each,every,either,neither,all8.数词(基数词、序数词、倍数词、分数词)9.量词。如：alotof,lotsof,agreat/gooddealof,agreat/large/goodnumberof…二、限定词与三类名词的搭配关系限定词按它词汇意义可分为特指限定词、泛指限定词、定量限定词、不定量限定词四大类。这四类限定词有的能与单数、复数可数名词搭配，也可与不可数名词搭配1)能与三类名词搭配的限定词主要有the;my,John’s,theoldman’s…;some,any,no,all,other,such,what（ever）,which(ever),whose…eg.thebook----thebooks----themoney,mybook----mybooks----mymoneyJohn’sbook---John’sbooks----John’smoney2)能与单数名词搭配的限定词。如:a(n),each,every,another,either,one,neither,manya,sucha(n)…eg.eachworker，everystudent，eitherbook，anotherbook3)能与复数名词搭配的限定词。如：both,two,anothertwo(three),many,（a)few,several,these,those,a(great)numberof…如：twogirls，（a）fewwords，severalstudents4)能与不可数名词搭配的限定词,如：abitof,alargeamountof,agreatdealof,(a)littlemuch,less,(the)least…abitofwater，alargeamountofmoney，muchnoise5)能与单复数名词搭配的限定词。如：thefirst,thesecond,thelast,thenext,theother…thefirstrose，thefirstroses，thelastman,thelastmenthenextmeeting，thenextmeetings，manyaship，manyships…注意：用了manya+单数可数名词作主语，尽管是复数意义，其后的动词还是要用单数形式。6)能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词。如（the）least，this，that…theleastknowledge,this/thatwork,this/thatjob7)能与复数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词。如:alotof,lotsof,plentyof,enough,more,most,such,other….如：alotofbooks,alotofmoney,lotsofchairs,lotsoffood,suchmen,suchbread…Ex:下面的练习，要求注意限定词与三类名词的搭配关系。1.Whyisthere___trafficonthestreetsinFebruarythaninMay?A.lessB.fewerC.fewD.little2.Onaccountofthetyphoon____shipmentwillarrivethisweek.A.neitherB.allC.bothD.these3.Theypaid___moneyforthemachinethanIexpected.A.littleB.lessC.muchD.fewer4.Therearetreeson___sideofthestreet.A.suchaB.bothC.someD.each5.Haveyougot___copiestogoround?A.theotherB.enoughC.alittleD.much6.Isaw___carsoutsidethebuilding.A.alittleB.anyC.lotsofD.neither7.There’s____waterinthebottle.A.fewB.anumberofC.plentyofD.any8.I’dlike____paper.A.afewB.severalC.abitofD.these9.Thereare___mistakesinthepaper.A.theB.alittleC.muchD.afew10.Dotheyhave____air-conditionersforcoolingtheroomsinsummer?A.manyaB.enoughC.agreatdealofD.abitof11.Don’tworryabouttheseats.Thereare___chairsintheroom.A.plentyofB.anyC.bothD.most12.Thereis___ironinthisminethaninthatone.A.muchB.agreatdealofC.lessD.alotof___workhastobedonebeforetheplantgoesintooperation.A.MuchB.DoubleC.AnumberofD.Neither14.Hewrote___essaysonVictoriannovelsinhisclass.A.thenextB.themostC.theotherD.themore15.Themodelworkerhad___thoughtofhisowninterests.A.thelastB.lessC.theleastD.another16.Theremustbe___emptytalkbutmorehardwork.A.fewerB.noC.theleastD.less17.Hehaspublished____shortstoriesinEnglish.A.agreatamountofB.anumberofC.anotherD.manya18.Wehad___rainfallslastsummer.A.toomuchB.littleC.alittleD.onlyseveral19.____carewouldhavepreventedtheaccident.A.MuchB.LittleC.AlittleD.Afew20.Thestudentsspent____theirtimeworkinginthefields.A.bothB.mostC.moreD.half三、限定词与限定词之间的先后顺序关系在名词词组中心词之前如果有两个或两个以上限定词出现时,就会产生限定词的先后顺序问题。按其不同的搭配位置，限定词可分为前位限定词:all,both,half;double,twice,threetimes;one-third,twofifths;what,such(a/an)…中位限定词:(1)定冠词和不定冠词;(2)物主限定词(my,your…（3）指示限定词(this,that,these,those);(4)’s属格名词;(5)不定数量词(如some,enough,no,any,every,each,either,neither);(6)疑问限定词what,which,whose;(7)关系限定词which,whose;(8)带ever的wh-词,如whatever,whichever,whoever。后位限定词(1):(1)基数词;(2)序数词和一般序数词next,last,(an)other,additional,further;(3)封闭数量词(a)few,fewer,several,most,more,many,much,(a)little,less,least;后位限定词(2):plentyof,abitof,alotof,lotsof,agreatdeal/quantity/amount/numberof…如果一个名词词组带有上述三类限定词，其搭配关系总是按照“前位—中位—后位”的顺序排列。如：allthefourteachers前中后allyourthreebooks前中后alltheselastfewdays前中后后如果只有上述两类限定词，其搭配关系仍按照上述顺序halfhislecture前中thoselastfewmonths中后后allotherstudents前后suchamisfortune前中somesuchalloy中后such既属于前位限定词,又可归纳后位限定词。在sucha…和suchan…搭配中属于前位限定词,而在与其他限定词some,any,no,all,one,many等搭配时,such则是后位限定词。由上述例子可以看出，中位限定词之间和前位限定词之间是互相排斥的，即一个名词中心词之前不可并用两个中位限定词或两个前位限定词。所以“我的那本书”不是“mythatbook”而是thatbookofmine，因为my和that同是中位限定词，不可同时并列。但后位限定词的使用却不受此限制。如:manymorecopies,threeothergirls,hislasttwobooks,thefirsttwochapters等都是后位限定词重叠使用的实例。Ex.Chooseanappropriatecombinationofdeterminerstofillineachblack:Theadditionalworkwilltake____weeks.A.theotherB.anotherfiveC.otherfiveD.themoreHediditin___timeittookme.A.theone-thirdB.halfaC.thedoubleD.one-thirdtheIsaw___boysatthecinema.A.thebothB.manyaC.boththeD.theseveral___candidatesaregirls.A.HalftheB.ThehalfC.TheirhalfD.Halfa5.Hewasonleave___days.A.thefewlastB.fewanotherC.fewotherD.thelastfew6.___friendsusuallyspeakhighlyofhim.A.HissomeB.HismanyC.ManyhisD.Somehis7.Pleaseserveme___soup.A.moresomeB.thelessC.moretheD.somemore8.____alloymanybeusedtoreplacecopper.A.SuchaB.SomesuchC.SuchsomeD.Severalsuch9.Pleasesend__samplestoLondonbyair.A.theseenoughB.fivetheseC.enoughtheseD.thesefive10.Areyougoingtobuy___rice?A.alltheseB.theseallC.allthisD.boththese11.Theywantatleast___salaries.A.theirdoubleB.doubletheirC.enoughtheirD.theirenough___dictionaryisenoughforme.A.SuchoneB.OnesuchC.SuchaoneD.Onesucha13.___factorsshouldbec