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非谓语动词讲解NonfiniteVerbs非谓语动词动名词分词现在分词过去分词动词不定式谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。e.g.Heworks.Hetakescareofthebaby.HewillgotoShanghai.Hedidn’tgotoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.Youarestudents.Youlooksmart.单谓语或动词短语情态动词/助动词+v.系动词+表语1.谓语动词：概述：2.非谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。非谓语动词使用条件Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.1Theteacherssittingtherearefromotherschools.表语2Wesawsometeacherssittingthere.宾语补足语3Weneedtobeactiveinclass.宾语谓语宾语主语定语连系动词非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等.1.Tomreturnedfromthemanager’soffice,tellingmethatthebosswantedtoseemeatonce.2.Thenewsmeeting,tobeheldinthathall,hasalreadybeencrowdedwithreporters.3.Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.4.ThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMr.Wang.5.Toliveistostruggle.(生活就是斗争。)找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）动词不定式（TheInfinitive）一.动词不定式的基本构成：由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成肯定式：todosth否定式：nottodosth.被动式：tobedone（将被）完成式：tohavedone（完成）例：TheOlympicGamestobeheldintheyear2016willbeagreatsuccess.Heissaidtohavegoneabroad.二.动词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。动词不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。IwanttoseeyouthiseveningAllyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.主语宾语表语定语状语宾补5.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.(不定式作定语)注意：如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就应有必要的介词。如：Heislookingforaroomtolivein．Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith．1.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.pleasefindapieceofpaper（写上）2.Excuseme，couldIuseyourpenforamoment？Ihavenopen（写）towriteontowritewith动名词（gerund）一.动名词的基本构成主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone二.动名词的性质动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点1.可作主语seeingisbelievingReadingnewspaperscanincreaseourknowledge功能：2.可作宾语在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，常见的这类动词有：enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事spend...doingsth.花费…做某事bebusydoingsth.忙于做…imaginesb.doingsth.想象…做某事can'thelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事feellikedoingsth.想要做某事finishdoingsth.完成做某事practicedoingsth.练习做某事missdoingsth.错过做某事suggestdoingsth.建议做某事keep(on)doingsth.保持（继续）做某事minddoingsth.介意做某事beworthdoingsth.值得做某事considerdoingsth.考虑做某事分词：Participles一分词的概述1.分词是“非谓语动词”的另一种形式，它有两种形式：现在分词（PresentParticiple）和过去分词（PastParticiple）。2.现在分词：doing过去分词：规则动词V+ed不规则动词3.分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中作表语、定语状语和宾语补足语。分词的时态和语态构成（以study和go为例）及物与不及物动词语态时态类别及物动词不及物动词主动语态被动语态主动语态现在分词一般式studyingbeingstudied（正在被）going完成式havingstudiedhavingbeenstudiedhavinggone过去分词一般式studiedgone现在分词与过去分词的区别：1.语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动DoyouknowthewomantalkingtoTom?Thesoldierwoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.2.时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成DevelopingcountryboilingwaterDevelopedcountryboiledwater二、分词的作用•1、作定语分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。（1）前置定语Heisapromisingyoungman.Makelessnoise.There’sasleepingchild.Weonlysellusedbooks.我们只卖用过的书。（2）后置定语TheyoungmansittingbetweenJohnandMaryistheeditorofthecampusnewspaper.现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。•Thebridgebuiltlastmonthneedsrepairing.•上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。（3）分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。如：•Thosewhowishtojointheclubshouldsignhere(Thosewishingtojointhisclubshouldsignhere.)想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。Theman,whohadbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.)由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。•(Theman,havingbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.（4）过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示被动和完成（重点）；只表完成。如：thequestiondiscussedyesterday昨天讨论的问题（既表示被动也表示完成）thefallenleaves•落下的树叶(只表示完成，不表示被动)2、作表语分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如：Shewastoofrightenedtomove.她被吓得一动不动。Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring.你所说的真令从鼓舞。3、作宾语补足语可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有see,watch,hear,set,keep,find,have,get等词。Isawhimwalkinginthestreet.Iheardthemsingingintheclassroom.Wesawtheboytakengoodcareof.（done被动）A）Iheardmybrother(singing,sung)inthenextroom.B）Iheardthesong(singing,sung)inEnglish.现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别四、作状语现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成（判断的依据是分词与主句主语的关系）1.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.（we和see的关系是主动）(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeautiful.2.(Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.3.(Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.4.Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.判断下列句子正误：1.TolearnEnglishwell,alotofpracticemustbedone.2.Seeingfromthehill,thecityismorebeautiful.3.Heating,waterwillboil.•被动式：beingdone表示一个现在进行的完成动作,“正在被”1.Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.2.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.3.Asweapproachedthevillage,wesawnewhousesbeingbuilt.•完成式：havingdone所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。1.Havingturnedofftheradio,hebegantogooverhislessons.（先关掉收音机，才开始复习功课，turn的动作比begin早）Hearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.2.Nothavingreceivedhisfather’sletter,hedecidedtomakeacalltohim.2．with+复合宾语结构这种结构也可以看成是一种独立主格结构。这种结构有较鲜明的特色。在这种结构中，with后的宾语相当于该结构中的逻辑主语，其后面的词相当于这个结构中的逻辑谓语。这个结构很像一个用来说明附带情况或细节的，可以起状语作用的句子。翻译时，with原有的含意往往不翻译出来。（1）with+名词/代词+名词Thebravemanfoughtthetigerwithastickhisonlyweapon.Hewascarriedintothehospital,withhisfaceamassofbleedingflesh.（2）with+名词/代词+介词Theteachercameintotheclassroomwithabookinhishand.Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.Familydependants,whenill,enjoyfreemedicaltreatment,withmedicinesathalfprice.（3）with+名词/代词+副词Hewentoutwithhishaton.Thesquarelooksmorebeautifulthaneverwithherlightson.4）with+名词/代词+形