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Lesson143AwalkthroughthewoodsNewwordsandexpressions。1.surroundv.包围besurroundedby….被什么包围2.placev.放；n.地方3.countv.数，点4.coverv.覆盖becoveredwith…被…覆盖5.throwv.扔，抛threw；thrown6.prosecutev.依法处置1.woodn.树林2.beautyspot风景点3.hundred百4.city城市5.visitor参观者，游客6.litter杂乱的东西9.rubbish垃圾8.piece碎片10.tyre轮胎7.litterbasket废物筐”1.tidyadj.整齐的2.rustyadj.生锈的3.throughprep.穿过4.amongprep.在….之间课文讲解•Iliveinaveryoldtownwhichissurroundedbybeautifulwoods.•Besurroundedby四周环绕着•我住在一个四周围绕着高楼的地方。•Iliveinaplacewhichissurroundedbytallbuildings.•我住在四周围绕着山的小村中。•Iliveinavillagewhichissurroundedbyhills.•Itisafamousbeautyspot.•Beautyspot,风景点•Touristattraction,游览胜地•别人告诉我青岛是个旅游胜地•IhavebeentoldthatQingdaoisagoodtouristattraction.•OnSundays,hundredsofpeoplecomefromthecitytoseeourtownandtowalkthroughthewoods.•hundredsof成百上千的•成百上千的战士在这场战争中牺牲。•Hundredsofsoldiersdiedinthiswar.acrossoverthrough的用法区别across：‘横过，穿过’，特指从一边到另一边e.g.1)Thebusiscomingacrossthebridge.2)Canyouswimacrosstheriver?3)Thechildwillgoacrossthecrossroadsafterthelightturnsgreen.over:‘越过，翻越过去’e.g.1）Aftertheyclimbedoverthehilltheyfoundmanyflowersinthefields.2)Theycan’tclimboverthemountainiftheycan’tkeepgoing.•Visitorshavebeenaskedtokeepthewoodscleanandtidy.•Litterbasketshavebeenplacedunderthetrees,butpeoplestillthrowtheirrubbisheverywhere.•LastWednesday,Iwentforawalkinthewoods.•Goforawalk散步•WhatIsawmademeverysad.•句中的主语WhatIsaw是what引导的名词性从句(主语从句)。•那个小男孩所做的一切使他母亲十分惊讶。•Whatthelittleboydidsurprisedhismother.•你所做的使我愉快。•Whatyoudomakesmehappy.•Icountedsevenoldcarsandthreeoldrefrigerators.•Thelittlebasketswereemptyandthegroundwascoveredwithpiecesofpaper,cigaretteends,oldtyres,emptybottlesandrustytins.•becoveredwith...被......覆盖•桌子上布满了灰尘。•Thedesksarecoveredwithdust.•地上覆盖着雪。•Thegroundwascoveredwithsnow.•Amongtherubbish,Ifoundasignwhichsaid,'Anyonewholeaveslitterinthesewoodswillbeprosecuted!'•该晚会来者不拒。•Anyonewhocomestothepartyiswelcome.•任何违反交通规则的人都会被罚款。•Anyonewhobreaksthetrafficregulationswillbefined.through:’穿过‘特指从某空间穿过e.g.1)Thedeerisgoingthroughtheforest.2)Theballoonisflyingonandonthroughtheclouds.3)Jacksawmanystudentsplayingintheplaygroundthroughthewindow.PassiveVoice被动语态基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词Hisbrotherwashesbowlseveryday.主谓宾(受动者)Bowlsarewashedbyhisbrothereveryday.改为被动语态•TheyplayfootballonSunday.•Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.•Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.•WemakethesemachinesinBeilun.•PeoplespeakEnglishasthefirstlanguageinUK.FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.ThesemachinesaremadeinBeilun.EnglishisspokenasthefirstlanguageinUK.2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词Helookedafterthelittlebabyyesterday.主谓宾(受动者)Thelittlebabywaslookedafterbyhimyesterday.•Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.•Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.•Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.•Theyusedthisroomforresting.•Theyplantedmanytreesyearsago.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem.Manytreeswereplantedbythemyearsago.3.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.主谓宾(受动者)TheroomwillbecleanedbyTomtomorrow.•Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.•Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.•Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon.•Thefarmerswillgrowdifferentkindsofvegetablesnextspring.•UncleWangwillmendtheTVsettomorrow.Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek.Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschoolyardtomorrow.Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.Differentkindsofvegetableswillbegrownbythefarmersnextspring.TheTVsetwillbemendedbyUncleWangtomorrow.4．AmycantakegoodcareofGina．GinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词1.Hecantakecareofthebaby.2.Lucymaydrawthepictures.3.Youmustturnoffthelights.4.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.5.Jimcoulddoityesterday.Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.ItcouldbedonebyJimyesterday.被动语态中的特殊情况1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。e.g.Thestudentslistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.被动句：Theteacherislistenedtocarefullybythestudentsinclass.e.g.Theylookafterthenewstudentsintheschool.被动句：Thenewstudentsarelookedafterbythemintheschool.2.当动词带有复合宾语(有宾补),并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”e.g.Theymakeusdoallthework.被动句：Wearemadetodoalltheworkbythem.e.g.Weoftenhearhersingsongs.被动句：Sheisoftenheardtosingsongsbyus.e.g.Isawhimwalktoschool.被动句：Hewasseentowalktoschoolbyme.这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。（let，have，make，feel，see,watch,hear,notice…)3.当动词带双宾语时(一个宾语是指人，一个是指物)，将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“to”或“for”。常见加to的动词有give，send,teach，write,show,pass,ask,tell…常见加for的动词有make,draw,buy…e.g.Hegivesmeaflowereveryday.被动1Iamgivenaflowerbyhimeveryday.被动2Aflowerisgivento