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2011341ContemporaryTeacherEducationMar.,2011Vo.l4No.1陈晓端,任宝贵(,710062):随着教师专业化发展和不断提高教育质量的迫切要求,当代西方专业学习共同体理论也应运而生在历经了共同体理论学习型组织理论学习共同体理论之后,教师专业学习共同体理论也逐渐完善,并在促进教师专业发展的实践中产生了非常积极的作用成功的专业学习共同体不仅具有共享和支持性的领导共同的价值观和愿景共同学习和应用共享的个人实践支持性条件等五个特征,而且还具有专注于学习合作的文化聚焦于成果等基本理念:教师专业发展;专业学习共同体;中小学:G451:A:1674-2087(2011)01-0019-07:2010-12-10:全国教育科学/十一五0规划2009年度教育部重点课题(DGA090195);教育部陕西师范大学基础教育课程研究中心2009年度资助课题;国家教师教育优势学科创新平台建设项目(GJ9850102):陈晓端,男,陕西西安人,陕西师范大学教育学院教授,博士生导师,西北基础教育与教师教育研究中心副主任,主要从事课程与教学基本理论教师教育与教师专业发展研究;任宝贵,男,河南汝州人,陕西师范大学教育学院博士研究生,乐山师范学院外国语学院副教授,主要从事课程与教学论研究(ProfessionalLearningCommunity,PLC),,,,():2050,,,,19589,56,/0()/0,/0,,,192070,/0(BachtoBas-ics),,[1],,80[2]2080,5:6,,,/0,,,,,/,,,,,,,,,0[3]32090,)))/0/0,,/(Two-pronged)0,,,,,[4]1/0():2050,,,,,,2050/070/080/0,/0/0,,,,,2090,,,/0,[5]/,;,,0,[6]/,0[4]51/,0[7],,,(),,,,,,,,()1887(Tnnies)1990(Senge)1995(Boyer)1997(Hord)1887,20,,,,[8](Bauman),(homogeneity)(sameness),,[9]/,;,;,;0[10](Drucker),/,210[11],/0:/0/0[12]2090,,/,,,,0[13],(Dufour),/,0[14]/(),,0[15],/0,,,,,():1.共享和支持性的领导,,,,,,,[13](Eaker)(Burnette):/,,,-.,0[16]2.共同的价值观和愿景,,,,,,:/,,,,,0[3]19-203.共同学习和应用,,[13]--,,,,,,,21,4.共享的个人实践,,,,,,,,,,,[13],,,,,5.支持性条件,:/[13]:[17]():;;;;;;;,[18]:;;;;;[3]19-23,,,,))),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,()1.专注于学习,/0,,;;))),,,,;,;2.合作的文化,/0,/0[19],,3.聚焦于成果,/0[20],,,,,,,[3]23,,,22/0/0,,/0/0(),,,(CottonwoodCreekSchool),1923,500,511991,,1987,1988,,1991,/0/0,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,199665[21]()90,,,,20021,(Depar-tmentforEducationandSkills)(GeneralTeachingCouncilforEngland)(NationalCollegeforSchoolLeader-ship(NCSL)),(BristolUniversity)(BathUniversity)(TheInstituteofEducation)(UniversityofLondon)(TheEffectiveProfessionalLearningCommunities),[22](Fullan),:)))))),14[23]1(Huffman)(Hipp)64,,,,,,[24]31,,,,,231,,/0,,,,,,,,,[24]31,,,,,,,,,,[][1],.[J].:,2007(6):95-99.[2].[M].:,2006:635.[3]RichardDufour,RobertEaker.[M].,,.:,2005:3.[4]Newmann,F.,&Wehlage,G..Successfulschoolrecon-structuring:AreporttothepublicandeducatorsbytheCenterforReconstructuringSchools[M].Madison,WI:UniversityofWisconsin,1995.[5]Handy,C.Managingthedream.InC.Sarita&J.Rene-sch(Eds.).Learningorganizations:Developingculturesfortomorrow.sworkplace[M].Protland,OR:Productiv-ityPress,1995:45-55.[6]Darling-Hammond,L.Policyforrestructuring.InA.Lieberman(Ed.).TheWorkofRestructuringSchools[M].NewYork:TeachersCollegePress,1996:157-176.[7]Louis,K.S.,Kruse,S.,&Raywid,M.A.Puttingteachersatthecenterofreform,NASSPBulletin,1996:9-21.[8].[M].,.:,1999:65.[9]Bauman,Z.[M].,.:,2003:6-9.[10]()#.)))[M].,.:,2009:26.[11]Drucker,P.Managingforthefuture:The1990sandbe-yond[M].NewYork:TrumanTalleyBooks.1992:23.[12]ErnestL.Boyer.ExcerptsfromTheBasicSchoolACom-munityforLearning[EB/OL].http:M[13]Hord,S.M.ProfessionalLearningCommunities:Com-munitiesofContinuousInquiryandImprovement[EB/OL].http:M[14]DuFour,R.Schoolsaslearningcommunities[J].Educa-tionalLeadership,2004,61(8):6-11.[15]MinistryofEducation.Educationforal:lThereportoftheexpertpanelonliteracyandnumeracyinstructionforstudentswithspecialeducationneeds,kindergartento24grade6[J/OL].OntarioEducation,2006(16).http:Men.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_learning_commu-nity/2009-09-22.[16]Eaker,R.,Dufour,R.,&Burnette,R..GettingStar-ted:ReculturingSchoolstoBecomeProfessionalLearningCommunities[M].Bloomington,IN:NationalEduca-tionalService,2002:22.[17]Louis,K.S.&Kruse,S.D.Professionalismandcom-munity:Perspectivesonreformingurbanschools[M].ThousandOaks,CA:CorwinPress,1995:78.[18]Boyd,P.Schoolcontext:Bridgeorbarriertochange?[EB/OL].http:M[19]Eastwood,K.,&Louis,K..Restructuringthatlasts:Managingtheperformancedip[J].JournalofSchoolLeadership,1992,2(2):213-224.[20]Senge,P.Leadinglearningorganizations.InF.Hesse-lbein,M.Goldsmith,&R.Beckhard(Eds.).Theleaderofthefuture[M].SanFrancisco:Jossey-Bass,1996:41-58.[21]SouthwestEducationalDevelopmentLaboratory.CreatingaProfessionalLearningCommunity:CottonwoodCreekSchool[EB/OL].http:M[22]Eplc.CreatingandsustainingEffectiveProfessionalLearningCommunities[EB/OL].http:M[23]B.Joyce.Changingschoolculturethroughstaffdevelop-ment[M].Alexandria,VA:AssociationofSupervisionandCurriculumDevelopment,1990:3-25.[24]Huffman,J.B.&Hipp,K.K.[M].,,,,.:,2006.[]TheoriesandPracticeoftheModernTeachers.ProfessionalLearningCommunityintheWestCHENXiao-duan,RENBao-gui(CollegeofEducation,ShaanxiNormalUniversity,Xi.an710062,China)Abstract:Themodernwesternprofessionallearningcommunitytheoriescameintobeingwiththedevelopmentofteachers.professionalizingandtheurgentneedofteachingqualityimprovemen.tAftertheoriesofcommunity,learningorganizationandlearningcommunity,theoriesofprofessionallearningcommunityhavegraduallybecomeperfec.tSuccessfulprofessionallearningcommunitynotonlyhassuchfiveattributesassupportiveandsharedleadership,sharedvalueandvision,collectivecreativity,sharedpersona