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毕业设计论文题目热电厂输煤传送带控制系统（院）系电气与信息工程系专业自动化班级0003班学号0001110314学生姓名women导师姓名jiuzheyang完成日期2004年6月19日前言本设计论文是自动化专业毕业论文，主要是利用FX2N系列可编程序控制起来改造热电厂输煤控制系统。输煤皮带控制系统的设计是一个很传统的课题，现在随着各种先进精确的诸多控制仪器的出现，输煤皮带控制的设计方案也越来越先进，越来越趋于完美，各种参考文献也数不胜数。在我国70～80年代建成的火电厂中,大多数的开关量控制系统都是采用继电器控制,就是在90年代建成的火电厂中,也有相当一部分辅机系统是采用继电控制。因此,继电器本身固有的缺陷,给火电机组的安全和经济运行带来了不利影响,用PLC对火电厂的继电器式控制系统进行改造已是大势所趋。可编程控制器（简称PLC）由于其将系统的继电器技术，计算机技术和通信技术融为一体，以其可靠性高，稳定性好、抗干扰能力强，以及编程简单，维护方便，通讯灵活等众多优点，广泛应用于工业生产过程和装置的自动控制中。PLC不仅能实现复杂的逻辑控制，还能完成定时、计算和各种闭环控制功能。设置性能完善、质量可靠、技术先进的可编程控制器PLC控制皮带运输机监控系统，可以实现高自动化的皮带机群的集中控制（包括遥控）及保护。此次毕业设计的课题内容即为PLC在热电厂输煤传送带控制系统中的应用.其设计内容和要求是：热电厂输煤系统分卸煤与上煤两大部分。料斗和1#—3#皮带负责把煤由铁路从煤场输送到配煤场。煤在配煤场经碾碎去渣和铁硝石，由给煤机给煤经4#A—7#A到0#或者4#B—7#B到0#送进锅炉，共12条皮带，配煤场靠近铁路，与发电房侧的电控室相距1000M.方案要求用一台PLC控制卸煤、给煤，PLC与PC之间不通讯。系统具备很多自动化控制的功能：(1)系统启动前各台设备预警;(2)地面输煤生产线上各设备按逆煤流方向顺序延时起动,按顺煤流方向顺序延时停车;(3)输煤线上任一设备因故障或其它原因停车时,来煤方向各设备立即停车,顺煤方向顺序延时停车,以避免堆煤,减少皮带压煤;(4)在紧急情况下,任一设备都可通过现场急停按钮实现紧急停车;(5)对各台设备的运转状态实时自动检测,并将信息传输给PLC;(6)各台设备的运转情况及故障报警等信息都可以在总控室由显示灯显示出来。整个系统可显示各皮带输送带和输煤设备的运行状况，并对整个输煤过程会出现的所有情况做出了合理的自动控制，是极具实用价值的一项自动化应用实例。目录摘要·········································································IAbstract········································································II第1章带式输送机························································11.1煤矿带式输送机的现状及发展···········································11.2带式输送机的结构······················································41.3带式输送机运行中的问题与维护·········································61.3.1输送带跑偏故障···················································61.3.2输送带的断裂问题·············································81.3.3驱动滚筒打滑现象的处理······································81.4带式输送机的选型布置··············································9第2章可编程序控制器（PLC）的概况····································112.1PLC的概念及发展·····················································112.2可编程序控制器的结构及工作原理·····································132.3PLC的应用领域·······················································152.4可编程序控制器与计算机之间的通信···································16第3章系统的总体设计···················································18第4章硬件设计····················································································214.1可编程序控制器的选型················································214.1.1可编程序控制器物理结构及控制方式的选择·······················214.1.2CPU的能力······················································224.1.3I/O点数的确定···················································224.1.4响应速度·························································234.1.5存储器容量的选择…………………………………………………………234.1.6可编程序控制器的指令系统………………………………………………244.1.7机型选择的其他考虑··········································254.2电动机的选型·····················································254.3按钮及保护装置的选型············································264.3.1刀开关·······················································264.3.2按钮·························································264.3.3接近开关·····················································264.3.4热继电器·····················································274.3.5熔断器·······················································274.4电机主电路图的设计···············································28第5章软件设计··························································305.1控制系统的公共程序···············································335.2卸煤部分自动程序·················································335.3上煤部分自动程序·················································35第6章控制面板的设计···················································38第7章PLC控制系统抗干扰措施··········································417.1硬件抗干扰措施···················································417.1.1抑制电源系统引入的干扰·····································417.1.2抑制接地系统引入的干扰…………………………………………………427.1.3抑制输入输出电路引入的干扰……………………………………………427.1.4抑制外部配线干扰的措施…………………………………………………427.2软件抗干扰措施…………………………………………………………………43第8章PLC系统的程序调试……………………………………………………………45结束语…………………………………………………………………………………49致谢………………………………………………………………………………………50参考文献…………………………………………………………………………………51附录………………………………………………………………………………………52热电厂输煤传带控制系统摘要：本篇文章介绍了一种利用先进的PLC技术对热电厂自动输煤系统进行技术改造的方案；并且叙述了皮带机的基本原理、PLC的基本原理、PLC的工程设计步骤。输煤系统是热电厂中较为庞大的一个公用系统，现阶段的大多数热电厂中，其输送过程是通过皮带输送机来完成，整个输煤系统由多台输送距离较长的皮带输送机组成。输煤系统的主要任务是由料斗和皮带的传递将煤由贮煤场输送到配煤场，由给煤机给煤，再经由皮带机传送到锅炉。在此次设计中主要概述了输煤系统的卸煤和上煤的皮带传输控制。该系统用三菱公司的FX2N系列PLC作为控制核心，整个系统采用了一台PLC控制12台皮带机，整个控制系统设一个控制室。利用PLC控制皮带输煤机，实现了逆煤启动、顺煤停止、故障停止、紧急停止的功能，并且有手动控制和自动控制两种控制方式，从而实现了输煤系统的自动化功能。关键词：可编程序控制器；输煤自动控制系统；皮带输送机；单机控制；联动控制TheheatandpowerplantlosestheControlsystemofabeltofcoalSummaryABSTRACT：ThisarticleintroducestheadvancedtechniqueofPLCinakindoftheexploitationtotransporttothehotpowerstationthecoalcontrolsystemproceedstheprojectthattechniquereforms;Anddescribedthebeltconveyerbasictheory,PLCbasictheory,PLCengineeringdesignstep.Thecoalsystemisacomparativelyhugepublicsystemintheheatandpowerplanttofail,inmostpresentheatandpowerplants,tosendcoursetocomeandfinishthroughbeltconveyer,failcoalsystemsendandmakeupbymanysetfromthelongerbeltconveyerentirelyit.Failcoalmaintaskofsystemtostorefromhopperandtransmissionofbeltcoalyardsendtobuythecoalyard,givethecoalbythecoalg