衡重式挡土墙课程设计1、设计资料(1)地形中浅切割褶皱剥蚀中低山地区,地势起伏较大。(2)工程地质条件自上而下土层依次如下:①号土层:耕植土,厚约0.9m,黄褐色,含大量有机质。②号土层,中风化砾岩,厚度未揭露,地基容许承载力R=800kPa。(3)墙身及墙后填料材料参数填料,353mkN18,下墙2,上墙(假想墙背)。墙身容重3kmkN22。基底摩擦系数f=0.6。圬工材料[a]=600kaP,[1]=100kaP,j500kaP。(4)荷载参数本题组号为5,挡土墙高度8.1m,车辆荷载换算等代土层厚度为0h0.55m,分布在路基横断面方向的宽度0b=5.5m。(5)水文地质条件本次勘测未发现地下水,可不考虑地下水影响。2、初步确定墙身尺寸挡土墙高8.1m,选用上墙1H=3m,选墙顶宽1b=0.5m,则上墙底宽1b=1.65m,下墙底宽B=1.53m,墙背俯斜1:0.33('11518),衡重台宽1d=1.0m,下墙2H=5.1m,墙背仰斜1:0.27('20615),墙面坡1:0.05,见下图:3、上墙土压力计算(1)求破裂角1计算破裂角,判别是否出现第二破裂面,假想墙背倾角见下图,2则有'1tan=0.3133.00.3tan1111HdH=0.67则'1=82.33假想破裂面交于荷载内,按表5.6第一类公式计算,得5.2723545ii521.0tani验核破裂面位置如下:第一破裂面距墙顶内缘距离为)tan(tan'11iH=3.0×(0.521+0.67)=3.573m<0b=5.5m破裂面交于荷载内,与假设相符,而且也不可能出现其他情况,故采用此类计算公式。因为i<'1,故出现第二破裂面。(2)计算第二破裂面上的主动土压力1E有表5.6第一类公式,有K=)245cos()245(tan2=)5.1745cos()5.1745(tan2=0.5871K=1+102Hh=1+0.355.02=1.36731E=1221KKH=0.5×18×3.0×3.0×0.587×1.367=64.98kNxE11Ecos(i)=64.98×cos(355.27)=30.03kNyE1=1Esin(i)=64.98×sin(355.27)=57.64kN对上墙1O的力臂为11133KhHZy=367.1355.030.3=1.134miyxZdbZtan1121=1.65+1-1.134×0.521=2.06m(3)计算上墙实际墙背上土压力'1E'1xE=xE1=30.03kN'1yE='1xEtan1=30.03×0.33=10kN对上墙1O的力臂为31'1HZy1.0m'1xZ1'12tanyZb=1.65-1.0×0.33=1.32m4、下墙土压力计算(1)求破裂角2假想破裂面交于荷载内,破裂角示意图如下,4按表5.7第一类公式得A=-tan2=-tan'0615=0.2722=235061435'='3666tan2=-tan+))(tantan(cotA=-2.311+)27.0311.2)(311.2428.1(=0.7952=48.38验核破裂面位置:堤顶破裂面距墙顶内缘的距离为)tan(tan'11iH)tan(tan222H=3×(0.67+0.521)+5.1×(0.795-0.25)=3.573+2.779=6.353m>0b=5.5m则破裂面位于荷载外,与假设不符。应采用5.7表中第四类公式,0'0bb-)tan(tan'11iH=5.5-3.573=1.93mA=-21220'0tan)2(2HHHhb=-25.0)321.5(1.555.093.12=0.2122='3666tan2=-tan+))(tantan(cotA=-2.311+)21.0311.2)(311.2428.1(=0.7592='1237验核破裂面位置:堤顶破裂面距墙顶内缘的距离为)tan(tan'11iH)tan(tan222H=3×(0.67+0.521)+5.1×(0.759-0.25)=3.573+2.596=6.169>0b=5.5m则破裂面位于荷载外,与假设相符。(2)计算土压力2E采用5.7表中第四类公式,得土压力系数:K=)tan(tan)sin()cos(2222=)25.048.38(tan08.105sin48.73cos5=0.1625.0759.093.1tantan22'02bh=3.54m2220211221HhhHHK01.2654.355.021.5612.326主动土压力:2E=12221KKH=0.5×18×5.1×5.1×0.16×2.326=87.12kNxE22Ecos(22)=87.12×cos('30171.15)=87.04kNyE22Esin(22)=87.12×sin(''30170615)=3.65kN压力作用点:122222011223)43(33KHHhhhKHHZy=326.21.51.53)1.5454.33(54.355.0326.23331.5=2.23m222tanyxZBZ=1.53+2.23×0.25=2.09m5、墙身截面计算墙身截面计算如下图所示:6(1)墙身重及力臂①上墙墙身重1G为1G=)(21211bbHk=0.5×22×3×(0.5+1.65)=70.95kN对墙趾的力臂1GZ为1GZ=)(3)2(211212221212bbnHbbbbbbnH=)65.15.0(3305.0)65.11(65.165.15.025.01.505.02=0.91m②第二破裂面与墙背之间的土楔重gG)tan(tan'112iHd=3×(0.67-0.521)=0.447mgG=)(21211ddH=0.5×18×3×(1+0.447)=39.1kN对墙趾的力臂为1GZ=)(3tan)2(tan)(21111222212111121ddHddddddHbHHn=0.05×8.1+0.5+3×0.33+347.1333.03)1894.0(447.0447.0112=1.81m③土楔体上的荷载重qGqG=20dh=18×0.55×0.447=4.43kN对墙趾的力臂为212121)(dbHHnZq=0.05×8.1+0.5+0.5×0.447=1.13m④下墙墙身重2G为2G=)(21122BdbHk=0.5×22×5.1×(1.65+1+1.53)=234.5kN对墙趾的力臂为72GZ=)]([3])(2[])()([21212212122bdBnHBdbdbdbBB=)65.253.1(31.505.0]53.165.22[]65.2)165.1(53.153.1[22=1.21m(2)滑动稳定验算xxyyqgcEEfEEGGGGK212121)(=04.8703.306.0)65.364.5743.41.395.23495.70(=2.06>1.3所以满足抗滑稳定性要求。(3)倾覆稳定性验算yxyxxyxyqqggGGZEHZEZEZEZGZGZGZGK22211221122110)(=09.204.87)1.5134.1(03.3023.265.306.264.5713.143.481.11.3921.15.23491.095.70=1.5≥1.5所以满足抗倾覆稳定性要求。(4)基底应力计算e=)(2yxyEGMMB=0.765-65.364.5743.41.395.23495.70369551=0.765-0.444=0.32e<B41(=0.48)e>B61(=0.26)444.0341023)(2maxNyZEG=616akP≤R(=800akP)(5)截面应力计算选上墙墙底面验算1'1111'1tan)(yxZHbnHZ=0.05×3+0.5+(3-1)×0.33=1.32m8NZbe221='1'1'1'1'12112)(2yyxxyGEGZEZEnHZGb=1095.70103.3032.110)1.505.091.0(95.70265.1=0.46m1e<232.0b(=0.53),且1e>62b(=0.28)。)61(212'11minbebEGy=)65.146.061(65.11095.70=-32.87kN<l=100akP)61(212'11maxbebEGy=)65.146.061(65.11095.70=130.99akP<a=600akP由上述计算可知,所选截面尺寸符合各项要求。6、设计图纸通过以上计算,绘制衡重式路肩墙施工图纸,断面图如下:设计说明:1.挡土墙采用M10水泥砂浆砌筑,施工前做好配比式验,强度要求达到设计等级,砌筑时砂浆要密实、饱满,不得有空洞。2.石料应采用无风化石材,面石要平整,挡土墙外露面,采用1:3水泥砂浆勾凸缝。3.基础砌筑不得在有水状态下进行,应做好基坑排水工作。4.挡土墙分段:每10m设置一道沉降缝,缝宽2cm,外露面1cm,缝线竖直美观,可用C15混凝凝土角石砌筑,沉降缝内用1.5cm浸沥青软木板分隔。5.挡土墙压顶混凝土C20,预制混凝土护栏可以浇筑入压顶混凝土之中。6.道路排水系统出水口管应预先埋入挡土墙中,注意高程和平面的正确性。7.挡土墙后填土根据道路设计要求分层压实,挡土墙前趾回填土应人工夯实,原则上基础台阶应全部埋入土中。8.反虑层要求设置成通长。9.硬塑管伸入反虑层端用透水土工布或蛇皮袋布包扎。10.浇筑压顶时应注意预留波形护栏的钢管孔。9