Gone-with-the-Wind《飘》或-乱世佳人英语简介

GonewiththeWindGonewiththeWind,anAmericannovelbyMargaretMitchell,waspublishedin1936andwonthePulitzerPrizein1937.Thenovelisoneofthemostpopularofalltime,andanAmericanfilmadaptationofthesamenamereleasedin1939becamethehighest-grossingfilminthehistoryofHollywoodandreceivedarecord-breakingnumberofAcademyAwards.Mitchell'sworkrelatesthestoryofarebelliousGeorgiawomannamedScarlettO'Haraandhertravailswithfriends,familyandloversinthemidstoftheantebellumSouth,theAmericanCivilWar,andtheReconstructionperiod.ItalsotellsthestoryofthelovethatblossomsbetweenScarlettO'HaraandRhettButler.ThetitleistakenfromthefirstlineofthethirdstanzaofthepoemNonsumqualíserambonaesubregnoCynaraebyErnestDowson:Ihaveforgotmuch,Cynara!gonewiththewind.Alternatively,thelinealsoappearsinthenovel.WhenScarlettescapesAtlanta'sbombingbytheforcesofthenorth,shefleesbacktoherfamily'splantation,Tara.Atonepoint,shewondersWasTarastillstanding?OrwasTaraalsogonewiththewindwhichhadsweptthroughGeorgia?CriticsandhistoriansregardthebookashavingastrongideologicalcommitmenttothecauseoftheConfederacyandaromanticizedviewofthecultureoftheantebellumSouth.Thisisapparentfromthebook'sopeningpages,whichdescribehowScarlett'sbeaux,theTarletontwins,havebeenexpelledfromuniversityandareaccompaniedhomebytheirelderbrothersoutofasenseofhonor:ametaphorfortheSouth'sviewpointonthestatehoodofKansas.Nevertheless,thebookincludesavividdescriptionofthefallofAtlantain1864andthedevastationofwar(someofitabsentfromthe1939film),andshowsaconsiderableamountofhistoricalresearch.Mitchell'ssweepingnarrativeofwarandlosshelpedthebookwinthePulitzerPrizeonMay3,1937.AnepisodeinthebooksuggeststheearlyKuKluxKlan,thoughwithoutgivingthename:intheimmediateaftermathoftheCivilWar,Scarlettisassualtedbyrecently-emancipatedBlacks,whereuponhermalefriendsmakearetaliatorynight-timeraidontheBlacks'encampment.Thisraidispresentedsympatheticallyasbeingnecessaryandjustified,whilethelaw-enforcementofficerstryingtocatchtheperpetratorsaredepictedasopressiveNorthernoccupiers.AlthoughtheKlanisnotmentionedinthatscene,ScarlettlaterlearnsthatAshleyWilkesandotherswhowereinvolvedintheraidaremembersoftheKlan.Manysuchlocalanti-BlackvigilantegroupsdideventuallyjointheKlaninthelate1860's,asMitchellmusthavebeenawarefromherhistoricalreasearch.AlexandraRipleywrotethenovelScarlett,in1991,astheauthorizedsequeltoMitchell'snovel.In2000,thecopyrightholdersattemptedtosuppresspublicationofAliceRandall'sTheWindDoneGone,abookthatretoldthestoryfromthepointofviewoftheslaves.AfederalappealscourtdeniedtheplaintiffsaninjunctionagainstpublicationinSuntrustv.HoughtonMifflin(2001),onthebasisthatthebookwasparodyprotectedbytheFirstAmendment.ThepartiessubsequentlysettledoutofcourttoallowthebooktobepublishedHistoricalSourcesfortheCharactersWhileMargaretMitchellusedtosaythatherGonewiththeWindcharacterswerenotbasedonrealpeople,modernresearchershavefoundsimilaritiestosomeofthepeopleinMitchell'sownlifeaswellastoindividualsshekneworsheheardof.RhettButleristhoughttobebasedonMitchell'sfirsthusband,RedUpshaw,whoshemarriedin1922,butdivorcedafteritwasrevealedthathewasabootlegger.AnotheratleastpàrtialcharactersourceforScarlettO'HaramighthavebeenMarthaBullochRoosevelt,themotherofUSpresidentTheodoreRoosevelt.Rooseveltbiographer,DavidMcCullough,discoveredthatMitchellconductedaninterviewwithoneofMartha'sclosestfriendsandbridesmaid,EvelynKingWilliams,atage87,whileareporterforTheAtlantaJournal.Inthatinterview,Martha'sphysicalappearance,beauty,graceandintelligenceweredescribedingreatdetail.ThesimilaritiesbetweenMartha,whowasalsocalledMittie,andSc