英国文学Jane-Eyre1

TheBrontëSistersCharlotte,1816-1855Emily,1818-1848Anne,1820-1849AbriefbiographyTheywereborninYorkshire.In1820Mr.BrontëmovedhisfamilytoHaworth,aremoteandgloomyvillageontheYorkshiremoors.DuringthefollowingyearsatHaworth,theyhadagreatdealoffreedomtoexplorethesurroundingcountryside.AlltheBrontëscribbledpoetrysecretly.In1846theypublishedtheirfirstandonlypoetryPoemsbytheauthorsnamedCurrer,EllisandActonBell(thepseudonymstheychoosepreservedtheirowninitials).However,theirpoetryprovedfailurewhichledallthreetobeginworkonnovels.Brontë’scountryHaworthBrontësisters’novelsCharlotte:JaneEyre(1847,byCurrerBell)Shirley(1849,byCurrerBell,《雪莉》)Villette(1853，《维莱特》)TheProfessor:ATale(1857,herfirstwrittenbutlastpublished，《男教师》)Emily:WutheringHeights(1847)Anne:AgnesGrey(1847)TheTenantofWildfellHall(1848，《怀德菲尔庄园的房客》)Aboutthestruggleofsomeyoungmiddle-classwomanforindependence,equality,loveandahappylife.JaneEyreJaneEyreJaneEyre,takingtheformofautobiographieswrittenbyauthoritativeandreliablenarratorstellsastoryofachild’sdevelopmentandmaturation.Itspopularityandsuccessownsmuchtoitsexceptionalemotionalpower.DeepinsideJanewediscoverCharlotte’ssoul.Autobiographicalelements1.HelenBurns’sdeathrecallsthedeathofCharlotte’ssistersatCowanBridge.2.Itisaworkofcriticalrealismaswellasthefirstandoneofthemostpopularworksoftheworkingmiddle-classwomen.3.Jane’sexperienceoriginatesfromCharlotte’sownexperience.ItisthefirstgovernessnovelinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.JaneEyre’sdevelopmentTherearefivedistinctstagesofdevelopment,eachlinkedtoaparticularplace:Jane’schildhoodatGateshead,hereducationattheLowoodSchool,hertimeasAdele’sgovernessatThornfield,hertimewiththeRiversfamilyatMoorHouse,andherreunionwithandmarriagetoRochesteratFerndean.CharactersinJaneEyreJaneEyreEdwardRochesterRiversFamilyReedFamilyMrs.FairfaxOtherCharactersBerthaMasonOtherCharactersJaneEyreOurprotagonistGovernessatThornfieldCousintotheReedfamilyCousintotheRiversfamilyMarriesRochesterHowisJane?(1)Janeisanorphanwhogrowsuplonelywithoutnobodycaringforher.Janeisasmall,plainandpoorgovernessofVictorianerainsteadoftherich,gentle,frail,beautiesoftheconventionalheroine.Janeonlyhasanintensefeeling,areadysympathyandastrongsenseofequalityandindependence.HowisJane?(2)Mostimportantly,Janedarestolovehermasterandmarrieshimopenlyindefianceofthesocialconventionandprejudices.ItmakesherasanentirelynewwomanintheeraofVictorian.Janeisaspiritedandintelligentwomantoacceptherappointedplaceinsocietywithunusualfranknessandwithapassionatesenseofthedignityandneedsofhersex.EdwardRochesterJane’sbossandloveGruffandrudeMadewealthybyfamilymoneyMarriedtoBerthaMasonBenefactortoAdèleVarensVerysecretiveandsometimesdeceitfulRiversFamily–Jane’sCousinsJane’sbenefactorswhensheleavesThornfieldSt.John–MinisteratMorton,triestogetJanetobehismissionarywifeDianaandMary–kindandindependentwomen,serveasrolemodelsforJane,discourageJanefrommarryingtheirbrother,governessesReedFamily–Jane’sCousinsUncleReed–theonlyReedtotreatJanewell,diedwhenJanewasyoungMrs.Reed–Jane’scruelauntwhosendsJanetoLowood,incitestheRedRoomexperiencebypunishingJaneJohn,Eliza,andGeorgiana–Jane’sspoiledcousins,rudeandselfish,theyeithertormentJaneorignoreherBerthaMasonEdwardRochester’swifefromJamaicaBerthaislockedintheatticatThornfieldStartsthebedroomfire,andeventuallyburnsthehousedownKillsherselfinthehousefireExotic,sensualpersonificationoftheOrientMrs.FairfaxHousekeeperatThornfieldServesasamotherfigure/rolemodelforJaneTellsJaneaboutGracePoole,andtheothersecretsofThornfieldandtheRochesters.OtherCharactersHelenBurns–Jane’sfriendatLowood,teacheshercharacter,diesinJane’sarmsMr.Brocklehurst–cruelanddishonestmasterofLowoodSchoolMissTemple–Jane’sfavoriteteacher,positivefemalerolemodel/motherfigureBessieLee–maidatGateshead,treatsJanekindly,lifelongfriendofJane’sOtherCharactersCont.GracePoole–Bertha’smysteriouskeeper,servesasBertha’sscapegoatAdèleVarens–Jane’spupil,daughterofRochester’soldmistress,CeleneRichardMason–Bertha’sbrother,exposesthesecretmarriageBlancheIngram–socialiteafterRochester’smoney,oppositeofJaneJohnEyre–Jane’swealthyuncle,leavesherafortuneafterhisdeathThemes,motifsandSymbolsLoveConflicts&strugglesEmpireFire&IceReligionBerthaMasonRedRoomSocialclassvs.equalityMotherFiguresLoveJaneisconstantlyinasearchforlove.SheissearchesforromanticloveinRochester,motherlylovethroughMissTemple,BessieLee,orMrs.Fairfax,andfriendshipthroughtheRiverssisters,HelenBurns,andRochester.Jane’ssearchforlovemightstemfromthescornshefeltasachildnotjustforromanticlove,butalsoforasenseofbeingvalued,ofbelongingConflictsandstrugglesTheouterconflictsbetweenJaneandothers:Appearance,status,wealth,educationandsoonTheinnerstrugglesinJane:ReasonandemotionRealityandimaginationHerdependentpositionandherdesireforindependenceHeractualinferiorityandspiritualsuperioritySocialClassvs.Equality•MuchofJane’schildhoodreinforcesherpositionasmemberof“lowerclass”(lifeatLowoodandMrs.Reed’sattitude)•DefinesherrelationshipwithMr.Rochester-Servantvs.Master-Marr