习题一1-1根据题1-1图中给定的数值,计算各元件吸收的功率。+-10V5Ω(a)+-3VR(b)1A+-10V(c)2A+-6V(d)题1-1图2A解:(a)WP205102==(b)WP623=×=(c)WP10110=×=(d)WP1226−=×−=1-2题1-2图示电路,已知各元件发出的功率分别为WP2501−=,,。求各元件上的电压UWP1252=WP1003−=1、U2及U3。+++---U1U2U35A题1-2图解:VUWUP502505111=∴−=×−=QVUWUP251255222−=∴=×−=QVUWUP201005333−=∴−=×=Q1-3题1-3图示电路。在下列情况下,求端电压uab。(1)图(a)中,电流;(A)2cos5ti=(2)图(b)中,,开关K在t=0时由位置“1”打到位置“2”。V4)0(=cu--+biaL=0.5Huab-+biauc21K(t=0)2A题1-3图(a)(b)C=1F解:(1)(V)2sin52sin)2(55.0ttdtdiLuab=−××−=−=(2)(V)24)2(41)0(100tdtidtCuidtCutttCab+−=−−−=−−=−=∫∫∫∞−1-4在题1-4图示电路中,已知V10,2021==ssUVU。(1)若,求及;V103=sUabUcdU(2)欲使,则0=cdU?3=sU3Ωdc+-Us1+-+-Us2Us32Ω2Ω2Ω5Ω2Ω10Ω3Ω5Ωab题1-4图解:(1)设电流I如图,根据KVL知0)325235(21=−++++++ssUUIAUUIss5.02012−=−=∴3Ωdc+-Us1+-+-Us2Us32Ω2Ω2Ω5Ω2Ω10Ω3Ω5ΩabIVUIUsab15205)235(1=+−=+++=VUUUabscd515103=+−=+−=(2)03=+−=abscdUUUQVUUabs153==∴1-5电路如题1-5图所示。设求、、和。(V),(A),sin)(t-ssBe(t)utAtiαω==)(1tuR)(tuL)(tiC)(2tiR-+is(t)+--+us(t)iR2iCuR1uLR1LCR2题1-5图解:tARtiRtusRωsin)()(111==tLAdtdiLtusLωωcos)(==tsCBCedtduCtiαα−−==)(tsReRBRutiα−−=−=222)(1-6题1-6图示电路,已知I=1A,求R2的值。+-14V+-2V2Ω5ΩR2I题1-6图解:设电流、电压如图+-14V+-2V2Ω5ΩR2II1I2+-UR2VIUR4222=+=AUIR251421=−=AIII112=−=Ω==4222IURR1-7题1-7图示电路,已知,2,5,5,10,2021321Ω=Ω====RRVUVUVU,53Ω=R求图中标出的各支路电流。+-U1+-+-U2U3R1R2R3I1I2I3I4I5I6题1-7图解:ARUUI2510201214=−=−=ARUUI5.225102325=−=−=ARUUI355203316=−=−=AIII5641=+=AIII5.0452=+=AIII5.5653−=−−=1-8电路如题1-8图所示。已知,5,221VUAI==求电流源Is、电阻R的数值。5ΩI1题1-8图R6Ω10Ω4ΩIs+-U2解:设电流、电压如图5ΩI1R6Ω10Ω4ΩIs+-U2I2IRI3I412ab列写回路1的KVL方程0510122=−−IUI解得AIUI5.1105122=+=依结点a的KCL得AIIIs5.321=+=回路2的KVL方程546243==−UII结点b的KCL5.343==+sIII联立求解得AI9.13=AIIIR1.09.1231=−=−=∴Ω===501.052RIUR1-9试分别求出题1-9图示独立电压源和独立电流源发出的功率。4Ωi题1-9图2A4Ω+-2V+-2i解:设独立电流源上的电压u2、独立电压源上的电流i1如图4Ωi2A4Ω+-2V+-2ii1+-u2Ai5.042==Aii5.121−=−=电压源发出的功率WipV3212−==Viiu924242=−+×=电流源发出的功率WupA18222==1-10有两个阻值均为1Ω的电阻,一个额定功率为25W,另一个为50W,作为题1-10图示电路的负载应选哪一个?此时该负载消耗的功率是多少?1kΩ题1-10图7A+-10VR解:设支路电流为i1、i2如图1kΩ7A+-10VRi2i1依KCL得721=+ii依KVL得0100010112=−−×ii联立解得Ai7110001070002≈++=负载消耗的功率WRiPR4922==故负载应选50W的那个。1-11题1-11图示电路中,已知,2,6,4321AiAiAi−===求i4的值。+-usR2i3题1-11图R5R4R3R6R1i1i2i4解:画高斯面如图+-usR2i3R5R4R3R6R1i1i2i4列KCL方程03421=+−−iiiiAiiii43214−=+−=∴1-12电路如题1-12(a)、(b)所示。iL(0)=0,如电容电压uC电感电压uL的波形如图(c)所示,试求电容电流和电感电流。解:其他stsstdtdudtduCtiCCC211005.05.05.0)(⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧−−=−=∫+=tLLLduLiti01)0()(τ≤)(20AtdtitL∫==ττ0≤st12)(sts21≤≤)(24)2(5.011)1()(211AttdduLitittLLL−+−=−−+=+=∫∫τττst2≥)(2241)1()2221Attdu(LiitLLL=−+−=+==∫τ1-13求题1-13图(a)所示电路的等效电感和图(b)所示电路的等效电容。解:(a)tL2L1--+iL0.5HuL-+iC0.5Fuc题1-12图(a)(b)uc,uL/V012t/s(c)1题1-13图(a)(b)2121LLLLL+=21CCC+=(b)1-14题1-14图示电路中,已知,3,121AIAI==求I3、I4、I5和I6。I1I2I4I3I6I51Ω7Ω2Ω题1-14图解:I1I2I4I3I6I51Ω7Ω2Ωabc由结点a得2213AIII−=−=由图示回路得072243=−−IIIAIII172234−=−=∴由结点b得4425AIII=−=由结点c得3436AIII=−−=2-1分别求出题2-1图示电路在开关K打开和闭合两种情况下的电流表ddd的读数。A3Ω题2-1图AK2Ω6Ω30V+-I1I解:打开时:电流表的读数:)(63230AI=+=闭合时:总电阻Ω=+×+=463632R)(5.7430301ARI===此时电流表的读数为:)(55.7326361AII=×=+=2-2题2-2图示电路,当电阻R2=∞时,电压表V的读数为12V;当R2=10Ω时,电压表的读数为4V,求R1和US的值。VR2US+-题2-2图VR1解:当时可知电压表读数即是电源电压.∞=2RSU.12VUS=∴当Ω=102R时,电压表读数:41210101212=×+=+=RURRRuS(V)Ω=∴201R2-3题2-3图示电路。求开关K打开和闭合情况下的输入电阻Ri。60Ω题2-3图K60Ω30Ω30Ω10ΩRi解:K打开,电路图为10ΩRi60Ω60Ω30Ω30Ω)(18.84510451045//1090//90//10)3060//()3060//(10Ω=+×===++=∴iRK闭合,电路图为10ΩRi60Ω60Ω30Ω30Ω)(84010401040//10306030602//10)30//6060//30//(10Ω=+×==+××=+=∴iR2-4求题2-3图示电路的等效电阻Rab、Rcd。题2-4图10Ω10Ω20Ω20Ω30Ω(b)(a)(d)(c)解:电路图可变为:10Ω40Ω80Ω30Ω(b)(a)(d)(c)40ΩR12R23R31)(154882.214882.2148//82.21)4040//10//(80//30)(08.1782.294082.294082.29//40)80//3040//10//(40)(4020800)(8010800)(402080020201020202010123123Ω=+×==+=Ω=+×==+=Ω==Ω==Ω==×+×+×=cdabRRRRR2-5求题2-5图示电路的等效电阻Rab。(b)(c)题2-5图(a)(d)10kΩ4kΩ4kΩ8kΩ10kΩababbbaa3Ω15Ω0.2S0.1S0.1S8Ω10Ω5Ω4Ω2Ω9Ω9Ω54Ω18Ω18Ω14Ω解:(a)图等效为:5kΩ4kΩ4kΩ8kΩab5kΩ2kΩ8kΩab)(73.315568787)25//(8Ω==+×=+=∴kRab(b)图等效为:5Ω5Ω15Ωab3Ω)(963251503101510153)55//(153Ω=+=+=+×+=++=∴abR(c)图等效为:ba9Ω10Ω5Ω2Ω4Ω8Ω注意到54210×=×,电桥平衡,故电路中9Ω电阻可断去)(67.127147148)25//()410(8Ω=+×+=+++=∴abR(d)图等效为:ba54Ω14ΩR12R23R31)(36186481818981818912Ω==×+×+×=R)(2272//)36//1436//54()(722)(3612311223Ω=+=Ω==Ω==abRRRRR2-6题2-6图示电路中各电阻的阻值相等,均为R,求等效Rab.(b)(a)题2-6图ababgfe解:e、f、g为等电位点,所以(a)图等效为:ab)]//()(//[)(RRRRRRRRRRRab+++++++=RRRRRRR45310//2]4//22//[2==+=(b)图等效为:ab])//()(//[)//()(RRRRRRRRRRRab++++++=RRRRRRRRRR75.0433//)2//22//(2//22===+=2-7化简题2-7图示各电路.12A2V+-(b)(a)7Ω4Ω3Ωabababababab-5V+5Ω1Ω3A10V-+10Ω5Ω(c)(d)(f)(e)2A6Ω6V+-4Ω9Ω18V+-8A9Ω1Ω6Ω2A3Ω16V+-解:(注:与电流源串联的元件略去,与电压源并联的元件略去)(a)图等效为:12A2V+-3Ωab2V+-3Ωab16V3Ωab14V++--(b)图等效为:1Ωab15V+-(c)图等效为:ab3A(d)图等效为:7Ωab16V+-(e)图等效为:a4Ωb8A9Ω4Ω9Ωab72V-+13Ωab72V-+(f)图等效为:1Ωab2A3Ω6Ω2V+-ab1Ω2A2Ω2V+-ab1Ω2Ω2V+-4V+-ab3Ω6V+-2-8用电源等效变换法求题2-8图示电路中负载RL上的电压U.12A5ΩRLU+-14V+-4Ω14V+-2Ω2Ω2Ω题2-8图解:电路等效为:12A5ΩRLU+-4Ω2Ω2Ω2Ω17A2A12A5ΩRLU+-4Ω1Ω2Ω5A15V+-12A5ΩRLU+-4Ω1Ω2Ω15V+-12A5ΩRLU+-5Ω2Ω12A5ΩRLU+-5Ω2Ω11A13ARLU+-2.5Ω2ΩRLU+-2.5Ω2Ω7.5V+-)(3105.725.22VU=×+=2-9题2-9图示电路.用电源等效变换法求电流i.5Ω3S20V+-0.1S题2-9图10Ω2S13A14A10Ωi解:5Ω3S20V+-0.1S10Ω13A14A10Ωi5Ω3S0.1S10Ω11A0.1Si12A5Ω0.2S10Ω11Ai12A5Ω10Ωi5Ω15V+-10V+-)(412051055105Ai−=−=++−=∴2-10若题2-10图示电路中电流i为1.5A,问电阻R的值是多少?i4Ω16V+-题2-10图3ΩR2A3A解:流过R的电流为iR=i-2=1.5-2=-0.5(A),再利用电源等效变换,原电路等效为:12A4Ω12A13A3ΩRiR11Ai’iRR4Ω//3Ω其