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UNIT8WarUnit8WarPartA_1_aLanguageFocusQuestionsforDiscussion1.Whatisyourfavoritebookormovieaboutwar?Howhasitaffectedyouandyourattitudetowardwar?2.Whatdoyouthinkarethecausesofwar?3.Whatdamagedoeswardotomankind?4.Iswareverjustified?Pre-listeningTaskUnit8WarPartA_1_aLanguageFocus5.Iswaraconstructivewaytoresolveconflicts?Explainyouropinion.6.Doyouthinkwarcanbeavoided?Whyorwhynot?7.Haveyouvisitedawarcemeteryorawarmemorial?Ifyouhave,howdidyoufeel?Pre-listeningTaskUnit8WarPartA_1_demo_aLanguageFocusPre-listeningTask2.Whatdoyouthinkarethecausesofwar?Frommypointofview,therearethreemaincausesofwars:wealth,poweranddifferentreligiousbelieves.Firstly,allnationsthatareengagedinwarsneedmoneyandsuppliestowinthewars.Inthisaspect,moneydoesnotonlymeancurrency,butalsoincludesnaturalresourcessuchasoilandland.Secondly,somenationslikeGermanyandJapanduringtheWorldWarIIworshippowerandthinktheircountriesarestrongerthanothers.Ifothercountriesdefytheirauthorities,theywouldstartwarsonweakercountries.Thirdly,differentreligiousbelievesUnit8WarPartA_1_demo_aLanguageFocusPre-listeningTask5.Iswaraconstructivewaytoresolveconflicts?Explain.Intheeyesofmanypeople,warsarebelievedtobetheonlysolutiontoresolvethedifferencesandconflicts.Therefore,warsaresupposedtobenecessarytostoptheconflicts,becauseinthepast,peoplebelievedthatwarswereinevitableresultsofconflicts.Inthepresenttime,however,itisknownthatwarsarenotasolutionbecausetheybringaboutundesirableconsequencessuchaspovertyandfear.Theyintensifytheeffectsofconflicts.ThisisbestexemplifiedintheIraqwar.WecanalwaysseefromUnit8WarPartA_2Pre-listeningTaskLanguageFocusHerearesomesentencesandstructuresthatyoumightfindusefulindiscussingtheabovequestions.•Warisafavoritetopicinnovelsandfilms.Warstoriesdepictthehorrorsofwar/thephysicalandpsychologicalscarsleftbywaronpeople/people’sheroismintheirfightagainstinvaders.•Numerousnovelsandfilmsarebasedonthetwoworldwars.•Inhistory,manywarshavebeenwagedbypowerfulnationsonweakeronestosecurestrategic,economicorterritorialgains.Unit8WarPartA_2LanguageFocus•Warsometimesbreaksoutbecauseofethnicorreligiousconflicts/territorialoreconomicdisputes/ideologicaldifferences.•Warhasalwaysbeenthegreatestsourceofpainandsufferingtomankind.•Warisahumantragedy.Soldiersaswellasciviliansdieinmillionsandfamiliesfallapartasaresultofwar.•Inpeacetimesonsburyfathers,butwarviolatestheorderofnatureandfathersburysons.Pre-listeningTaskUnit8WarPartA_2LanguageFocus•Wariscostlyinmoney,resourcesandhumanlives.•Warisjustifiedwhenthemotiveistorestorepeace/defendjustice/rightawrong.•Ifacountryisattacked/invaded,ithastherighttofight/strikeback.•Theuseofforceisapoorsolutiontoanyproblem.•Returningviolenceforviolencemultipliesviolence.•Inwar,everyoneloses.Warcreatessufferingforbothsides/allconcernedandeventhosenotconcerned.Pre-listeningTaskUnit8WarPartA_2LanguageFocus•Disputesoftenpersistafterwars.•Thereneverwasagoodwarandabadpeace.•Conflictsarebetterresolvedthroughpeacefulmeans/atthenegotiationtable.•Warhasalwaysbeenapartofhumanhistory.There’salongwaytogobeforewecantotallyeliminateit.•Wewillneverbeabletogetridofwaraslongastherearecountriesthatwanttodominateothercountriesthroughtheuseofforce.Pre-listeningTaskUnit8WarPartB_1_a_1cemeterygravestoneherbwisteriaListeningTasksn.aburialplace;agraveyard墓地，公墓n.atombstone墓碑n.anyplantwithleaves,seeds,orflowersusedforflavoring,food,medicine,orperfume药草，香草n.aclimbingplantwithhangingclustersofsmallpurple,blueorwhiteflowers紫藤，紫藤属植物SpeakingTasksWordBankExercise2Exercise1LanguageandCulturalNotesUnit8WarPartB_1_a_1engravemuleAmmunitionheadstonev.tocut(words,picturesorpatterns)into(thesurfaceofmetal,stone,etc.)雕刻n.theanimalwhichistheoffspringofamaledonkeyandafemalehorse骡子n.bullets,shells,bombs,etc.thatarefiredfromgunsorcannons弹药，军火n.agravestone墓碑ListeningTasksSpeakingTasksWordBankExercise2Exercise1LanguageandCulturalNotesUnit8WarPartB_1_a_1dankmedievaldrawupdatefroma.wet,coldandunpleasant阴湿的，潮湿的a.oforfromtheMiddleAges中世纪的topullup;tocometoastop停车，停下tohaveexistedsince起源于，追溯到ListeningTasksSpeakingTasksWordBankExercise2Exercise1LanguageandCulturalNotesUnit8WarPartB_1_a_1YpresCommonwealthDowningStreet伊普雷（比利时西南部边境的一座城市）BritishCommonwealthofNations英联邦（伦敦）唐宁街ListeningTasksSpeakingTasksWordBankExercise2Exercise1LanguageandCulturalNotesUnit8WarPartB_1_a_2Warisapermanentfeatureofhumanhistory.Statisticsshowthatinmorethan3,500yearsofrecordedhistory,onlyfewerthan300havebeenwarless.Althoughwarisaverycomplicatedphenomenonandwarsdifferintermsoftheircauses,objectives,scopeandduration,theviolentnatureofwarremainsconstantthroughouthistory.ThedevelopmentofcivilizationdoesnotseemtoListeningTasksSpeakingTasksWordBankExercise2Exercise1LanguageandCulturalNotes1.BackgroundinformationUnit8WarPartB_1_a_2stopviolence.Onthecontrary,withtheinventionofmoreefficientanddeadlyweapons,warsinmoderntimestendtobemoredevastating.Thetwentiethcenturyisbelievedtobethebloodiestcenturyinhistory.WorldWarIclaimedanestimated10millionlivesandWorldWarII50million,amongwhichnearly70%werecivilians.Thecurrentstateofaffairsinthewor