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路漫漫其修远兮吾将上下而求索走向高考·英语人教版·高考总复习专题突破解题策略(一)必修一第一部分基础知识聚焦主旨大意题在阅读理解试题中所占比例及难度都相当大。主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心，是作者在文章中努力通过各种信息来阐明的中心话题。把握主旨大意对正确理解全文具有重要意义。主旨大意题旨在考查考生对文章大意的理解和概括能力。考题中往往出现下列词语：subject，topic，theme，title，mainidea等。阅读理解之主旨大意题1.采用浏览法抓住主题句。主题句通常在文章开头或结尾，而段落主题句有可能在一段的开头或结尾。主题句常出现在“总结性”语言的“信号词或短语”后，如：insummary，inaword，asaresult，finally，inshort，inconclusion和inbrief等；主题句常出现在“转移话题式”语言的“信号词”后，如：but，however，nevertheless，hence等。标题的语言特点：独特新颖、概括性强、短小精悍。[典例1](2015·安徽高考B)Whenherfivedaughterswereyoung,HeleneAnalwaystoldthemthattherewasstrengthinunity(团结).Toshowthis,shehelduponechopstick,representingoneperson.Thensheeasilybrokeitintotwopieces.Next,shetiedseveralchopstickstogether,representingafamily.Sheshowedthegirlsitwashardtobreakthetiedchopsticks.Thislessonaboutfamilyunitystayedwiththedaughtersastheygrewup.HeleneAnandherfamilyownalargerestaurantbusinessinCalifornia....Eventuallythegirlsallgraduatedfromcollegeandwentawaytoworkforthemselves,butonebyone,thedaughtersreturnedtoworkinthefamilybusiness.TheyopenednewrestaurantsinSanFranciscoandLosAngeles.Eventhoughfamilymemberssometimesdisagreedwitheachother,theyworkedtogethertomakethebusinesssuccessful.DaughterElisabethexplains,“Ourmothertaughtusthattosucceedwemusthaveunity,andtohaveunitywemusthavepeace.Withoutthestrengthofthefamily,thereisnobusiness.”Theirexpandingbusinessbecamealargecorporationin1996,withthreegenerationsofAnsworkingtogether.NowtheAn'scorporationmakesmorethan$20millioneachyear.Althoughtheybeganwithasmallrestaurant,theyhadbigdreams,andtheyworkedtogether.Nowtheyareabigsuccess.63．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．HowtoRunaCorporationB．StrengthComesfromPeaceC．HowtoAchieveaBigDreamD．FamilyUnityBuildsSuccess[解析]D根据第一段“HeleneAnalwaystoldthemthattherewasstrengthinunity(团结)．”和第三段“tosucceedwemusthaveunity”与“andtheyworkedtogether.Nowtheyareabigsuccess.”可知，文章主要讲的是家庭团结对取得成功的重要性。文章没有讲怎样经营一家大型公司，也没有提到怎样实现伟大梦想。[典例2](2014·浙江高考A)Wealthstartswithagoalandsavingadollaratatime.Callitthepiggybankstrategy(策略)．Therearelessonsinthattime-honoredcoinsavingscontainer....Originallyyouhadtobreakthebanktogettothemoney，bringinginasenseofseriousnessintosavings.Whilepiggybanksteachchildrenthewisdomofsaving，adultsoftenneedtorelearnchildhoodlessons.Thinkaboutthethingsinlifethatrequirelargeamountsofmoney—collegeeducation，weddings，cars，medicalcare，startingabusiness，buyingahome，andfunstufflikegreattrips.Sowhenyouhavemoney，takeoffthetop10%，putitaside，saveandinvestwisely.45．Thelastparagraphtalksabout________.A．theseriousnessofeducatingchildrenB．theenjoymentoftakingagreattripC．theimportanceofmanagingmoneyD．thedifficultyofstartingabusiness[解析]C文章由piggybank文化谈起，介绍它名称的由来及发展，最后告诫人们要及早明智地储备好自己的钱以备后用。由文章最后一段的叙述可知人一生中需要钱的时候很多，所以最后一句话告诫人们当有钱时要储存、明智地投资。so为总结性词汇，故可知答案选C项。2．抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找段落中心的基础上的。各段落中心的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。[典例3](2015·江苏高考C)Supposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization.It'sverylikelythatyou'llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththeorganization'sactivities.Todoso,itshouldhelptounderstandwhypeopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework.Let'sbeginwiththequestionofwhypeoplevolunteer.Researchershaveidentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolved.Forexample,peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness,toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences,andtostrengthensocialrelationships.Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds,peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate.Toselectvolunteers,youmayneedtounderstandthemotivationsofthepeopleyouwishtoattract.Peoplealsovolunteerbecausetheyarerequiredtodoso.Toincreaselevelsofcommunityservice,someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprograms.Unfortunately,theseprogramscanshiftpeople'swishofparticipationfromaninternalfactor(e.g.,“Ivolunteerbecauseit'simportanttome”)toanexternalfactor(e.g.,“IvolunteerbecauseI'mrequiredtodoso”).Whenthathappens,peoplebecomelesslikelytovolunteerinthefuture.Peoplemustbesensitivetothispossibilitywhentheymakevolunteeractivitiesamust.Oncepeoplebegintovolunteer,whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime?64．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．HowtoGetPeopletoVolunteerB．HowtoStudyVolunteerBehaviorsC．HowtoKeepVolunteers'InterestD．HowtoOrganizeVolunteerActivities[解析]A本文是一篇议论文。文章分析讲述志愿者为什么自发地去服务社会。文章首段提出假设：假如你是一名组织领导人，很想得到志愿者的帮助。并指出在此之前，必须弄清志愿者为什么自发地去服务社会，并通过3个实验研究志愿者的意图。因此A项(如何使人们从事志愿者服务)是文章的最佳标题。3．抓住主线和关键，归纳文章大意。没有主题句的文章，可以分析每段的段落大意以及表现活跃的高频词汇来确定主题，最后进行归纳总结。[典例4](2014·福建高考D)Perhapsyouthinkyoucouldeasilyaddtoyourhappinesswithmoremoney.Strangeasitmayseem,ifyou'reunsatisfied,theissueisnotalackofmeanstomeetyourdesiresbutalackofdesires—notthatyoucannotsatisfyyourtastesbutthatyoudon'thaveenoughtastes.Realrichesconsistofwelldevelopedandheartycapacities(能力)toenjoylife.Mostpeoplearealreadyswamped(淹没)withthings.Theyeat,wear,goandtalktoomuch.Theyliveintoobigahousewithtoomanyrooms,yettheirhouseoflifeisahut.Yourhouseoflifeoughttobeamansion(豪宅),aroyalpalace.Everynewtaste,everyadditionalinterest,everyfreshenthusiasmaddsaroom.Hereareseveralroomsyourhouseoflifeshouldhave....Sports,withoutwhichyouremain