英语语法讲解状语从句 解析

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AdverbialClause英语状语从句讲解.....English状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用,状语从句一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。Definition状语从句定义状语从句一般分类1.时间状语从句2.地点状语从句3.原因状语从句4.条件状语从句5.让步状语从句6.目的状语从句7.结果状语从句8.方式状语从句9.比较状语从句1.时间状语从句用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语,这样的主从复合句就是时间状语从句。常用引导词:when,as,while,assoonas,while,before,after,since,till,until特殊引导词:theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday,thefirst/…time,instantly,immediately,directly,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when1.时间状语从句Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.Ourheadmasterlaughedasshespoke.Itwillbefourdaysbeforetheycomeback.Iworkeduntilhecameback.IhavebeeninBeijingsinceyouleft.ThemomentIheardthenews,Irushedbackhome.HardlyhadIsatdownwhenhewalkedin.Bythetimeyoucameback,Ihadfinishedthisbook.EachtimehecametoBeijing,hewouldcallonme.Youcangowhereyoulikeaslongasyoufinishyourhomeworkontime.Asweweregoingout,itbegantosnow.2.地点状语从句地点状语从句表示地点、方位,这类从句通常用连接副词where或wherever(在任何地方)引导。e.g.a.Juststaywhereyouare.b.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.c.Youcansitwhereveryoulike.d.Whereveryougo,I’llberightherewaiting2.地点状语从句地点状语从句与定语从句的区别:在于分句在句中作什么成分。作状语,则是状语从句;作定语修饰名词,则是定语从句。where引导定语从句时,从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词;而状语从句前则无需先行词。如:Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.(where引导地点状语从句)你从何处来到何处去。Gobacktothevillagewhereyoucamefrom.(where引导定语从句,修饰village)3.原因状语从句原因状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态所发生的原因。引导这种从句常用的连接词是:because,as,since,nowthat,for,和consideringthat,seeingthat这七个连词都用于表示表示原因,但在语气上一个比一个弱。3.原因状语从句Thewoollyshrankbecauseitwaswashedbadly.毛衣因为洗涤的方法不好而缩水。Ican’tgettosleepbecauseofthenoiseoutside.由于外面声音嘈杂我睡不着。Since[As]we’venomoney,wecan’tbuyit.由于我们没钱,我们不能购买它。Seeingthatit’sraining,we’dbetterstayindoors.既然外边在下雨,我们最好待在室内。Nowthatyouarehere,you’dbetterstay.你既然来了,最好还是留下吧。Since/Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.3.原因状语从句because,since,as,for的区别because—直接原因,非推断.语气最强.回答why的问题。since–通常放句首.译为“既然”as–不谈自明的原因,语气最弱。for–放句中,引导后半句表原因,或补充推断的理由。4.条件状语从句条件状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态是在什么情况或条件下发生的。条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来。条件状语从句由从属连词引导:if,unless(除非),as/solongas(只要),oncondition(只要),once(一旦),incase(假使),providing/provided(that)等。4.条件状语从句Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.Youwillfailtoarrivethereintimeunlessyoustartearlier.Icantellyouthetruthonconditionthatyoupromisetokeepasecret.Hewon'tbeagainstusinthemeetingprovidedthatweaskforhisadviceinadvance.Solongasyou’rehappy,itdoesn’tmatterwhatyoudo.Takeyourumbrellaincaseitrains.带着你的伞吧,以防下雨。5.让步状语从句在复合句中表示让步概念的状语从句被称为让步状语从句。常用引导词:though,although,evenif,eventhough;nomatter+疑问词(what/who/where/when/which/how)疑问词-ever(whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever)特殊引导词:as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while(一般用在句首),whether…or…,whether(…)ornot5.让步状语从句Although/Thoughhewasexhausted,(still)hekeptonworking.Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)yousay,Iwon’tbelieveyou.Wewon’tbediscouragedevenif(=eventhough)wefailtentimes.Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.5.让步状语从句as引导的让步状语从句,必须将从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实意动词提前至从句句首,作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词,冠词需省略。Hardas/thoughheworks,hemakeslittleprogress.=Thoughheworkshard,hemakeslittleprogress.Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.=Thoughhewasachild,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.从句部分是用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的状语从句。引导目的状语从句的连词:inorderthat…用于正式文体中,所引从句可于主句前或后。sothata.较常用,一般用于主句后,有时可分开,so有时可省;从句中要有情态动词,否则,就成为下一种句型:b.无情态动词则引导结果状语从句。forfearthat;incase;lest(以免)等。6.目的状语从句当从句与主句的主语一致时,可用soastodo…或inordertodo…6.目的状语从句Youmustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall.Hewrotethenamedownforfearthat(lest)heshouldforgetit.Bettertakesmoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.Heworkshardinorderthathisfamilymaybehappy7.结果状语从句结果状语从句常位于主句之后,由so,so…that,such…that等引导。结果状语从句其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。so还可与表示数量的形容词many,few,much,little连用,形成固定搭配。Such+a/an+形容词+名=so+形容词+a/an+名onlyto…也可以引导结果状语从句。7.结果状语从句SoquicklydidherunthatIcouldn’tcatchupwithhim.Somepeopleweresomovedbythesightthattheybegantocry.Sheissuchagoodteacherthateveryoneadmiresher.ItissuchniceweatherthatIwouldliketogotothebeach.Hegottothestationfinally,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.8.方式状语从句描述主句动作进行方式的状语被称为方式状语。方式状语从句常见的引导词有表示“像……”的as和表示“好像……”的asif/asthough通常用下列词语引导:as,justas,asif,asthough,theway(that),intheway(that)等。8.方式状语从句Itlooksasiftheweathermaypickupverysoon.看来天气很快就会好起来。Alwaysdototheothersasyouwouldbedoneby.你希望人家怎样待你,你就要怎样待人。Aswateristofish,soairistoman.我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。Heclearedhisthroatasiftosaysomething.他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的。PleasepronouncethewordthewayIdo.请照我这样,读这个单词.9.比较状语从句状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。比较状语从句是其中的一种,主要运用于形容词和副词的原级、比较级及最高级的句子之中。原级:as…as(和……一样),notso(as)…as…(和不一样);比较级:more…than(更);最高级:Themost…in/of,the+形容词+est…of/in。常用引导词:as(同级比较),than(不同程度的比较);特殊引导词:themore…themore…;no…morethan;notAsomuchasB。9.比较状语从句Heworksashardashisbrother.SheisnotallerthanI.Thisbookisthemostinterestingofthethree.Themoreyoulearn,thewiseryouare.Ihavenomorethantwopens.我只有两支笔。JackisnotmorediligentthanJohn.捷克不如约翰勤奋。HanMeiisoneofthebeststudentsinourschool.韩梅是我们学校最好的学生之一。Thehouseisthreetimesasbigasours.这房子是我们的三倍大。状语从句的简化和省略状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:①主句和从句的主语一致,或从句主语为it;②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。例如:When(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