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Today'saveragecarcontainsmorethan15,000separate,individualpartsthatmustworktogether.Thesepartscangroupedintofourmajorcategories:engine,body,chassisandelectricalequipment.现代汽车有超过15000个零件组成，分成几个必须在一起工作的功能部分。主要包括4个功能部分：引引擎擎，，车车身身，，底底盘盘和和电电控控。PrincipalComponents(汽车主要组成部分)引擎Engine引擎1、Theengineactsasthepowerunit.引擎为汽车提供能源。2、Theinternalcombustionengineismostcommon:thisobtainsitspowerbyburningaliquidfuelinsidetheenginecylinder.一般是内燃机：通过在引擎缸内燃烧液体燃料获得能量。3、Therearetwotypesofengine:gasoline(alsocalledaspark-ignitionengine)anddiesel(alsocalledacompression-ignitionengine).引擎有两种：汽油机和柴油机。4、Bothenginesarecalledheatengines;theburningfuelgeneratesheatwhichcausesthegasinsidethecylindertoincreaseitspressureandsupplypowertorotateashaftconnectedtothetransmission.两种引擎都叫热机。燃烧的燃料产生大量大热，热量使缸内的气体产生大的压力，通过连杆使曲轴旋转。Body车身Anautomobilebodyisasheetmetalshellwithwindows,doors,ahood,andatrunkdeckbuiltintoit.Itprovidesaprotectivecoveringfortheengine,passengers,andcargo.Thebodyisdesignedtokeeppassengerssafeandcomfortable.Thebodystylingprovidesanattractive,colorful,modernappearanceforthevehicle.车身有窗户，门，盖，内饰等组成，它为发动机，乘客及货物提供空间和保护。车身的设计要让乘客安全并乘坐舒适。对于乘用汽车，车身要动感，色彩绚丽，现代化。Chassis底盘Thechassisisanassemblyofthosesystemsthatarethemajoroperatingpartofavehicle.Thechassisincludesthetransmission,suspension,steering,andbrakesystems.底盘是一个组合体，主要由汽车的操纵部分，传动系统，悬架，转向部分，制动系统组成。1、Transmissionsystems―conveysthedrivetothewheels.Themaincomponentsare底盘车身clutch,gearbox,driveshaft,finaldrive,anddifferential.传动系统用来驱动车轮。主要有离合器，变速箱，驱动轴，最后驱动和差速器组成。2、Suspension―absorbstheroadshocks.悬架主要用来吸收路面冲击。3、Steering―controlsthedirectionofthemovement.转向系统控制汽车的行驶方向。4、Brake―slowsdownthevehicle.制动系统使汽车停下来。ElectricalEquipment电气系统1、Theelectricalsystemsupplieselectricityfortheignition,horn,lights,heater,andstarter.电动统系主要为点火系统，喇叭，灯，加热器，及启动系统提供电能。2、Theelectricitylevelismaintainedbyachargingcircuit.电压通过一个电路保持恒定。3、Thiscircuitconsistsofthebattery,alternator(orgenerator).这个电路有电池，发电机组成。4、Thebatterystoreselectricity.Thealternatorchangestheengine'smechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergyandrechargesthebattery.电池储存电能，发电机把引擎的机械能转化为电能，给电池充电。NewWordsPrincipalcomponent主要部件category种类，类型body车身chassis底盘layout布置powerunit动力装置internalcombustionengine内燃机cylinder汽缸gasoline汽油spark火花ignition点燃，点火diesel柴油机compression压缩shaft轴transmission传动系sheetmetal金属板shell外壳hood（发动机）罩trunkdeck行李舱盖cargo货物styling样式assembly总成，装配suspension悬挂，悬置shock冲击steering转向，操纵brake刹车，制动器clutch离合器gearbox变速器driveshaft传动轴finaldrive主减速器，后桥differential差速器slowdown（使）慢下来，减速horn喇叭starter起动机charge充电alternator交流发电机电气系统