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句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分它包括主，谓，宾，宾补，表（直宾，间宾），定，状主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。表语，宾语和宾补是谓语里的组成部分。定语和状语是句子的次要部分。句子成分的构成句子的主干成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语句子的次要成分：定语、状语、补语、插入语、同位语主语1.主语是谓语讲述的对象。2.表示所说的“是什麽”，“是谁”，3.一般由名词，代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。4.它在句首。WestudyinNo.7MiddleSchool.Theclassroomisveryclean.ToteachthemEnglishismyjob.Surfing,divingandswimmingareallwatersports.谓语1.说明主语“做什麽”，“是什麽”，或“怎麽样”。2.必须用动词。3.和主语在人称，数两个方面必须一致（主谓一致）。4.在主语后面。Hisparentsaredoctors.Shelookswell.Westudyhard.Wehavefinishedreadingthebook.HecanspeakEnglish.表语1.说明主语“怎麽样”，或“是什麽”。2.位于在be动词,系动词后面。Youlookyoungerthanbefore.Iamateacher.Everybodyishere.MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.Theyareathomenow.系动词（必背）be(amisarewaswere)/seem/keep/…是/好象(似乎)是/保持look/feel/taste/smell/sound/…看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去)感官动词become/turn/get/grow/…变得宾语1.是动作，行为的对象。2.由名，代，或相当于名词的词，短语来担任。3.它和及物动词一起说明主语做什麽。4.在谓语(及物动词后，)之后。分为直接宾语和间接宾语。Sheisplayingthepiano.Heoftenhelpsme.Helikestosleepintheopenair.WeenjoylivinginChina.及物动词和不及物动词及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词:see/hear/drank/eat/…Isawhimlastweek.Weheardthebadnewsyesterday.Theyeatbreadeveryday.Hedrankaglassofmilkjustnow.不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词:laugh/smile/look/listen/…Shesmiledhappily.Theylaughedloudly.如果要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助:Shelookattheblackboardcarefully.Helistenedtohisteacherinclass.Theylaughedatusafterthematch.定语用来修饰名词或代词。定语起类似于形容词的修饰作用，Theblackbikeismine.Whatisyourname?Theymadepaperflowers.TheboysintheroomareinClassThree,GradeTwo.Ihavesomethingtodo.状语1.修饰动词，形容词或副词,状语类似于副词。2.一般表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度等意义。3.一般放句末，有的也可放在句首，句中。Hediditcarefully.Withouthishelp,wecouldn’tworkitout.Inordertocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.英语的句子结构简单句并列句复合句*几个简单句用分号或并列连词连接起来构成并列句;*几个简单句可通过各种方式组合成含有主句和从句的复合句。简单句简单句的五种句型1）SV主语＋谓语eg.Thetelephonerang.Hisfathermighthavedied.2)SVP主语＋谓语＋表语eg.Theplansoundsperfect.Frankisanartist.3)SVO主语＋谓语＋宾语eg.Isawabird.Mysisterenjoyedtheplay.简单句的五种句型4）SVOiOd主语＋谓语+间接宾语＋直接宾语eg.TheladygaveJackawatch.Myfatherboughtmeabicycle.5)SVOC主语＋谓语＋宾语＋补语eg.Theycalledhimafool.Shefoundthechildrenfastasleep.*在阅读句子的时候，第一个任务就是要找到谓语!*做谓语的动词有时态、语态和数的变化；还有及物动词与不及物动词的区别。基本句型1Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。ＳＶ（不及物动词）1.Time2.Themoon3.Theman4.Weall5.Everbody6.I7.They8.Heflies.rose.cook.eat,anddrink.laughed?woke.talkedforhalfanhour.walkedyesterday基本句型2Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思这类动词叫做连系动词。ＳＶ（系动词）Ｐ1.This2.Thedinner3.He4.Everything5.He6.Thebook7.Theweather8.Hisfaceissmells(闻)felllooksisisbecometurnedanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.good.happy.different.tallandstrong.interesting.warmer.red.基本句型3Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。ＳＶ（实义动词）Ｏ1.Who2.She3.He8.He5.They6.Danny7.I4.Heknowslaughatunderstandsmadeatelikeswantsaidtheanswer?her.English.cakes.someapples.donuts.tohaveacupoftea.Goodmorning.基本句型4Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。Shelentmeabook.---Shelentabooktome.Heboughtmeanewbike.---Heboughtanewbikeforme.ＳＶ（及物）ｏ（多指人）Ｏ（多指物）1.She2.She3.He8.He5.I6.I7.I8.Hepassedcookedbroughtboughtshowedgavetoldshowedhimherhusbandyouherhimhimmeanewdress.adeliciousmeal.adictionary.nothing.mypictures.ahand.howtorunthemachine.thatthebuswaslate.基本句型5Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。ＳＶ（及物）Ｏ（宾语）Ｃ（宾补）1.We2.They3.They4.They5.What6.We7.He8.Ikeeppaintedcallfoundmakessawaskedsawthetablethedoorsupperthehousehimhimmethemclean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.tocomebacksoon.gettingonthebus.主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾&主＋谓＋宾＋宾补的比较宾语和宾补有逻辑上的主谓关系；双宾语没有。Hemadetheboylaugh.Hegavemeabook.HecallsmeTom.Sheboughtmeapen.Wesentthematelegram.宾语和宾补双宾语宾语和宾补宾语和宾补双宾语1.Theyworkhard.主+谓(状）2.Theflowerisdead.主+系+表3.Plantsneedwater.主+谓+宾4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.主+谓+间宾+直宾5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.主+谓+宾+宾补6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.主+谓（状）7.Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.主+谓+宾+宾补8.Afterworkhealwaysfeelsalittletired.（状）主+（状）系+（定）表9.Theylaughedatusafterthematch.主+谓＋宾（状）10.Shetoldmeastory.主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾实际应用II.Choosethebestanswers：1.____someofthisjuice—perhapsyou’lllikeit.(’00春季)A.TryingB.TryC.TotryD.Havingtried实际应用I2.Hesentmeane-mail,____togetfurtherinformation.(’00上海)A.hopedB.hopingC.tohopeD.hope实际应用I3._____lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.(’01春招)A.SleepB.SleepingC.TosleepD.Havingslept实际应用I4._____atthedoorbeforeentering,please.(’01春招)A.KnockedB.ToknockC.KnockingD.Knock实际应用I5._____bloodifyoucanandmanyliveswillbesaved.(’01上海）A.GivingB.GiveC.GivenD.Togive实际应用I6.Themanager,____hisfactory’sproductswerepoorinquality,decidedtogivehisworkersfurthertraining.(’03春招）A.knowingB.knownC.toknowD.beingknown实际应用I7.Itisbelievedthatifabookis____,itwillsurely_____thereader.(’03上海)A.interested;interestB.interesting;beinterestedC.interested;beinterestingD.interesting;interest实际应用I8.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage_____thegirlandtookheraway,____intothewoods.(’04上海)A.seizing;disappearedB.seized;disappearedC.seizing;disappearingD.seized;disappearing实际应用I9.Theflowers____sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.(’04上海)A.tosmellB.