Loving-and-Hating-New-York-爱恨纽约

LovingandHatingNewYorkByThomasGriffithContentsBackgroundofNewYorkBackgroundoftheauthorThemeNewYorkHistory1524DiscoveredbytheFrench1609ClaimedbytheDutch,namingittheNewNetherland1626ManhattanwasestablishedcalledNewAmsterdam1664NewYorkwasofficiallyestablishedNewYorkCityYesterdayTop,highest,biggestLeadingcitysetsstylesandtrendsofnationUndisputedfashionauthorityLookeduptoandimitatedTodayisn’tanymoreoutofphasewith______asoutofstepwithlostitsundisputedleadershipnolongersoNewYork“Ifyoulovehim,bringhimtoNewYork,forit’sheaven;ifyouhatehim,bringhimtoNewYork,forit’shell.”─BeijingersinNewYorkNewYork(1)“BigApple”;“CitythatNeverSleeps”:acityofsuperlatives–America'sbiggest;itsmostexciting;itsbusinessandculturalcapitals;thenation'strendsetter.(2)LocatedinsoutheasternNewYorkStateontheHudsonandEastRiversandNewYorkBay.(3)Composedoffiveboroughs:Brooklyn,Bronx,Manhattan,Queens,andStatenIslandTheBigAppleAffectionatelyknownasTheBigApple,NewYorkisbymanymeasuresoneofthemostimportantcitiesintheworld.Itisprobablytheworld'smostimportantfinancialcenter,andoneofthemostimportantculturalcentersoftheWesternworld.TheUnitedNationsheadquartersisinNewYork,givingsomecredencetothecity'sself-designationascapitaloftheworld.WhyistheNewYorkcalled“theBigApple”?经济大衰退时，许多银行家失业，以及一些名门望族都靠卖苹果维持生计。1920~1930年，爵士乐盛行。歌词：“therearemanyapplesonthesuccesstree,butwhenyoupickNewYorkCity,youpicktheBigApple”.以及市内著名俱乐部就叫TheBigApple.大约在50年前，美国爵士乐手把演出赚钱比喻成摘苹果，把要去城市比喻成树上的苹果。纽约市当时诸城中赚钱最多的城市，所以是TheBigApple。ManhattanSkylinewithTheStatueofLibertyFrommanyimmigrantthatflockedfroEuropetoNewYork,theStatueofLibertywasthefirstimagetheysawoftheUSA.ThestatuswasagiftfromtheFrenchgovernmentforthe100thbirthdayofAmerica’sIndependence.返回SkyscrapersTheFifthAvenue（第五大道）TimesSquare（时代广场）CentralPark(中央公园）9.11NewYorkNewYorkisthemostpopulouscityintheUnitedStatesandthecenteroftheNewYorkMetropolitanArea,oneofthemostpopulousurbanagglomerationsintheworld.ThecityisreferredtoasNewYorkCityortheCityofNewYorktodistinguishitfromtheStateofNewYork,ofwhichitisapart.NewYorkAglobalpowercity,NewYorkexertsasignificantimpactuponcommerce,finance,media,art,fashion,research,technology,education,andentertainment.ThehomeoftheUnitedNationsHeadquarters,NewYorkisanimportantcenterforinternationaldiplomacyandhasbeendescribedastheculturalcapitaloftheworld.NewYorkNewYorkisthemostdenselypopulatedmajorcityintheUnitedStates.Asmanyas800languagesarespokeninNewYork,makingitthemostlinguisticallydiversecityintheworld.TheNewYorkCityMetropolitanArea'spopulationistheUnitedStates'largest,with18.9millionpeopledistributedover6,720squaremiles(17,400km2),andisalsopartofthemostpopulouscombinedstatisticalareaintheUnitedStates,containing22.2millionpeopleasof2011.ProblemsofNewYorkCityAlongwithallN.Y.’sgreatness,ithasmanyseriousproblems.1)ThousandsofimmigrantshavenotfoundtheopportunitiestheyhadhopedforinN.Y..2)MorethanamillionNewYorkersreceivedwelfareaid,andthousandsliveinslums.Otherproblemsinclude3)airpollution,4)trafficjams5)crime,6)drugabuse,7)racialconflicts,and8)theever-increasingcostoflivinginthecityThomasGriffith(1915–2002):Americanwriterandeditorinthe20thcentury;Since1974hehasbeenpresscolumnistofTimemagazine;staffcontributortoFortunemagazineandcolumnistofAtlanticMonthly.HeisanuprootedwesternerwhonowcallsNewYorkhome.Publications:TheWaist-HighCulture(1959);HowTrue?--ASkeptic’sGuidetoBelievingtheNews.(1974)THEMEOFTHETEXTThethemeisexplicitlyexpressedbythetitle“LovingandHatingNewYork,”ormorespecificallybythefirstsentenceofthelastparagraph,“LovingandhatingNewYorkbecomesamatterofalternatingmoods,ofteninthesameday.”Asthewriterdevelopshistheme,readerswillseeclearlythathelovesNewYorkandfeelsexhilaratedlivingthere.Hemaysometimesfeelexasperatedbutthisfeelingsisneverstrongenoughtoturntohate.Heconcludesintheendoftheessay,”Tome,itisthecityofunavoidableexperience.Livingthere,onehasthereassuranceofsteadilyconfrontinglife.”