天津外国语英语语言文学语言学全真模拟题

环球时代学校官网天津外国语英语语言文学语言学全真模拟题（1）*AllthequestionsaretobeansweredinEnglishontheanswersheetsprovided.I.ShakespearehasJulietsay:What'sinaname?ThatwhichwecallaroseByanyothernamewouldsmellassweet.Whatdotheabovelinessaytoyouabouttherelationshipbetweentheform(sounds)andmeaning(concept)ofawordinspokenlanguage?ExplainwithpositiveevidenceaswellasexceptionsfromtheEnglishlanguage.(10points)II.Imagineyouhaveheardthedialogueasfollows:A.IhaveafourteenyearoldsonB.Well,that’sallrightA.Ialsohaveadog.B.Oh,I’msorry.Interpretthesituationandreplies(25points)III.Explainthefollowingstatementwithexamples:“Thecontextofsituationinwhichasentenceisusedcontributesalottoitsmeaningthatcannotbeaccountedforpuregrammaticalanalysis.”(25points)IV.(1)InwhatwayICanalysisisbetterthantraditionalparsing?(20points)(2)WhatareproblemsinICanalysis?(20points)V.Ateacherdrilledhis/herstudentsinthestructurecalledindirectquestions:Doyouknowwheremybookis?环球时代学校官网”whichshowsthatonlyminutesaftertheclassthestudentusedthestructureincorrectlyinspontaneousspeech.Whatdoyouthinkisthereasonforthismisuse?Wasthelessonawasteoftime?Whyorwhynot?(30points)VI.(1)Whatdoyouthinkarethedifferencesbetweenagoodlanguagelearnerandapoorlanguagelearner?(10points)(2)Ifweknow-whatstrategiesgoodlanguagelearnersuse,doesitfollowthatteachingso-calledpoorlanguagelearnerstousethosestrategieswillresultintheirsuccessfullanguagelearning?Whyorwhynot?(10points)ⅠShakespearehasJulietsay:环球时代学校官网’sinaname?ThatwhichwecallaroseByanyothernamewouldsmellassweet.Whatdotheabovelinessaytoyouabouttherelationshipbetweentheform(sounds)andmeaning(concept)ofawordinspokenlanguage?ExplainwithpositiveevidenceaswellasexceptionsfromtheEnglishlanguage.(10points)Thelinessaidaboveshowthattherelationshipbetweentheform(sounds)andmeaning(concept)ofawordinspokenlanguageisarbitraryinnature.Thatmeansthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenforms(sounds)andmeaning(concept).Differentsoundsareusedtorefertothesameobjectindifferentlanguages.Soundsarejustsymbols;theyareassociatedwithobjects,actions,ideas,etc.byconvention.(3分)Inthisexample,therosecanbecalledbymanynamesindifferentlanguagesbutitssmellneverchanges.Anotherexample,differentlanguageshavedifferentformsforreferringto“dog”inEnglish,suchasChinese“狗(gou)”,French“chien(n.m.)“.Anotherexampleis“book”inEnglish,“书”（shu）inChineseand“本”inJapanesebymeansofdifferentform(sound),expressingthesamemeaning(concept).（3分）Whilelanguageisarbitrarybynature,therearesomeexceptionsaswell.ThebestexamplesinEnglisharetheonomatopoeticwordsandcompoundwords.Forexample,someonomatopoeticwordssuchas“rumble”,“crash”,“crackle”“bang”areutteredlikethesounds,theydescribe,thusseemtohaveanaturalbasis.Besides,somecompoundwordsarealsonotentirelyarbitrary.Forexamplewhile“photo”and“copy”arebotharbitrary,thecompoundword“photocopy”isnotentirelyarbi-trary,thusseemtobemotivated.Anyhow,non-arbitrarywordsmakeuponlyasmallpercentageofthevocabularyofalanguage.（4分）（本题考查人类语言的设计特征之一——任意性，既意义（概念）和形式（语音）之间的关系主要是任意的，社会规约的，而不是自然的。只有少数词汇的意环球时代学校官网义与形式是自然的，有一定理据。本题还可以从词汇学的角度回答，参见陆国强的《现代英语词汇学》，从习惯派和自然派之争的角度出发，回答问题。总而言之，两者的争论还可能继续，但是习惯派占据了主流，其观点也更适合于现代语言学理论的精神。）ⅡImagineyouhaveheardthedialogueasfollows:A.IhaveafourteenyearoldsonB.Well,that’sallrightA.Ialsohaveadog.B.Oh,I’msorry.Interpretthesituationandreplies(25points)Inmakingsenseofthedialogueabove,itmayhelptoknowthatAistryingtorentanapartmentfromB.(5分)A’sfirststatementimpliesthatAwantstorentB’sapartment,andB’sreplymeansthatA’sdemandismet.（6）A’ssecondstatementimpliesthathewantstorenttheapartment,buthehasafurthercondition.Butthisisthelaststraw.BcannotcometotermswithAwithanindirectspeechact.（6分）BothAandBhaveperformedtheindirectspeechactsofinquiring,agreeingandrefusingbyperformingthedirectspeechactingofinformingthefacts,thatis,bymeansofstatements.Bothofthetwopartiesareverypolite.(6分)AandBarestrangers,theirrelationshipisthatbetweenthebusinessmen,whichisveryformal,thusindirectspeechactsareperformed.(2分)(本题考查语用学中会话涵义，合作原则和言语行为理论。主要是如何解释说话者和听话者如何在交际中实施间接言语行为。A和B可能是陌生人，相互不熟环球时代学校官网悉，因此他们都没有实施直接言语行为：请求或拒绝。而是通过实施直接言语行为，间接地完成了自己的交际意图。两者实施的言语行为都得体而礼貌。)ⅢExplainthefollowingstatementwithexamples:“Thecontextofsituationinwhichasentenceisusedcontributesalottoitsmeaningthatcannotbeaccountedforpuregrammaticalanalysis.”(25points)Thecontextofsituationisimportantbecauseitcontributesalottothemeaningofanutteranceincommunication.（6分）Forexample,thegrammaticalanalysisof“Hewentdowntownyesterday”doesnottelluswhoheis,whichtownitisorwhenyesterdayis.Inotherwords,therearestillthingsundetermined.Weknowthatthissentencehasbeenusedbymanyspeakersonmanyoccasionsformanypurposes;ithasreferredtomanydifferentthingsandperformedmanydifferentfunctions.（6分）Dependingonthetext,“he”canbeanybody,anymale—someone’sbrotherorfather,Churchi