John-Snow-defeats-King-cholera-阅读

Unit1GreatscientistsReadingPre-reading1.Whatimpressesyoumostin2003?WhichpersonimpressesyoumostduringtheSARS?Whatotherinfectiousdiseasesdoyouknow?Forexample:Whenyoueatsomefoodthatisnotfresh……Youmayfeel…Maybeyouhavegot________.CholeradrawaconclusionthinkofamethodcollectresultsmakeaquestionfindaproblemanalysetheresultsfindsupportingevidencefindaproblemmakeaquestionthinkofamethodcollectresultsanalysetheresultsdrawaconclusionHowtoproveanewideainscientificresearch?findsupportingevidenceJohnSnowdefeats“Kingcholera”JohnSnowdefeats“kingcholera”Whatcanyoulearnfromthetitle?人物：事件：defeatscholeraWhoisJohnSnow?attendedherasherpersonalphysicianQueenVictoriaJohnSnow约翰.斯诺(1813~1858),英国麻醉学家、流行病专家。他首次提出了预防霍乱的措施。1854年,伦敦霍乱流行,斯诺通过研究霍乱病死者的日常生活情况,寻找到他们的共同行为模式,发现了霍乱与饮用不洁水的关系,由于及时切断了二者的联系,有效制止了霍乱的流行。Fouroutbreaksofcholerainthe1830sand1840skilledmanypeopleinEngland.In1854,“themostterribleoutbreakofcholerawhicheveroccurredinthekingdom”began.Itwassoviolentandsuddenthat127peoplediedinthefirstthreedays.TheterriblecholeraBacteria/germsofcholeraNameofillnesscholera(霍乱)Symptom(症状)severevomiting(呕吐)anddiarrhoea(腹泻)Aftereffect(后果)diequicklyfromalossofliquidWhatwasthecauseofthisillness?HowdidJohnSnowfinditout?Skimthetextandfindthemainideaofthetext.Thepassageismainlyabout:_______________________________________________________HowJohnSnowfoundthecauseofthecholeraanddefeatedit.Fast—reading:Readthepassagequicklyandfindthenumberbelowandtherelevanthappeningsinthepassage.TwotheoriesIn1854500,10Thefirstsuggestedthat…multipliedintheair;Thesecondsuggested…absorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.AnotheroutbreakhitLondon.Morethan500peoplehaddiedin10days.16,37,38and4020,21;8,97ThesenumbersinBroadStreetnearthewaterpumphadmanyofthedeaths20and21BroadStreetand8and9CambridgeStreethadnodeaths….Theydidn’tdrinkthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpump.Thesefamiliesworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.163789pump3840JohnSnow'sCholeraMap7Whatistheproblem?Thecholerawasthemostdeadlydiseaseofitsday.Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunderstood.Whatcausedcholera?Makeaquestion:Whichtheorytobelievein?Choleramultipliedintheairwithoutreason.Acloudofdangerousgaswouldfloatarounduntilitfounditsvictims.Peopleabsorbeditwiththeirmeals.Whichonedoyoubelievemore?WhataboutJohnSnow?AmapofBroadStreetWhatmethoddidheuse?Manydeathshappenedhere.Nodeathhappenedhere.Itseemedthewaterfromthepumpwastoblame.Whatdidhedonext?Publichouseanalyzetheresults:Whathappenedtothepumpwater?ThewaterwasfromtheriverwhichhadbeenpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.findsupportingevidence:Whatextraevidencedidhefind?Awomanandherdaughterwholivedfarawaybutdrankthewateralsodied.drawaconclusionwithcertaintyThepollutedwatercarriedthedisease.(Para6)Whatwasanothersupportingevidence?(Para5)Helookedintothesourceofthewater…JohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthevirus.Readthepassageandnumbertheseeventsintheorderthattheyhappened.JohnSnowbegantotesttwotheories.AnoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854.Heannouncedthatthewatercarriedthedisease.JohnSnowmarkedthedeathsonamap.2147Careful—reading:KingCholerawasdefeated.Hefoundthatmostofthedeathswerenearawaterpump.Hehadthehandleremovedfromthewaterpump.JohnSnowinvestigatedtwostreetswheretheoutbreakwasverysevere.38561.Drawaconclusion:(得出结论)2.Thinkofamethod:(找出研究方法)3.Collectresults:(收集材料)4.Makeaquestion:(形成研究主题)5.Findaproblem:(发现问题)6.Analyseresults:(分析材料)7.Findsupportingevidence(找到能确证的证据)5423671Stagesinexamininganewscientificidea:Para-graphStagesinanexperimentExampleinthisinvestigation1Findaproblem2Makeaquestion3ThinkofamethodWhatcausedcholera?Whichtheoryiscorrect?Collectdataonthosewhowereillordiedandwheretheygottheirwater.Fillintheblanks.4Collectresults5Analyseresults6findsupportingevidence7DrawaconclusionPlotinformationonamaptofindoutwherepeoplediedordidnotdie.Analysethewatertoseeifthatisthecauseoftheillness.Findotherevidencetosupporttheanalysis.Thewateristoblame.Thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexaminedsothatitissafe.drawaconclusionfindaproblemmakeaquestionthinkofamethodcollectresultsanalysetheresultsrepeatifnecessaryMatchthemPara1Para2Para3Para4Para5Para6Para7PreventionofCholera1.JohnSnowbelievedIdea2wasright.Howdidhefinallyproveit?JohnSnowfinallyprovedhisideabecausehefoundanoutbreakthatwasclearlyrelatedtocholera,collectedinformationandwasabletotiecasesoutsidetheareatothepollutedwater.Readandanswerthequestions.2.DoyouthinkJohnSnowwouldhavesolvedthisproblemwithoutthemap?Giveareason.No.ThemaphelpedJohnSnoworganizehisideas.Hewasabletoidentifythosehouseholdsthathadmanydeathsandchecktheirwater-drinkinghabits.Heidentifiedthosehousesthathadnodeathsandsurveyedtheirdrinkinghabits.Theevidenceclearlypointedtothepollutedwaterbeingthecause.3.Cholerawasa19thcenturydisease.Whatdiseasedoyouthinkissimilartocholeratoday?Fourdiseases,whicharesimilartoday,areSARS,AIDS,TB(肺结核)andbird-flu,becausetheyarebothveryserious,haveanunknowncauseandneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem.1.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat____.A.thecauseofcholerawaspollutedwaterB.JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondonC.thesourceofalldrinking