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非谓语动词动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词。一、不定式：Itishardformetodothework.作主语Hewantstospeakatthemeeting.作宾语Ihavealotofworktodo.作定语Heaskedmetofinishitintime.作宾补Myjobistohelpthepatient.作表语Heistooyoungtogotoschool.作结果状语Weweresurprisedtofindhimthere.作原因状语Hespokeloudlytomakeherselfheard.作目的状语Hewenttohishome,onlytofindhewasout.出乎意料的结果特点1）不定式短语做主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语，（例1）2）不定式作宾语，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾补之后，而用it作形式宾语，请看下句：IfinditinterestingtostudyEnglish.3)不定式作宾补，在feel,hear,listento,lookto,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let,make等词后的补足语，不定式不带to,但这些句子变成被动结构就必须带to.二、动名词：动名词形式由“动词+ing”构成，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语，表语，宾语和定语。请看例句：1）Collectinginformation(收集信息）isveryimportanttobusinessmen.作主语2)Itisnousearguingwithhim.(与他争论）作主语3）Shefinishedreadingthebook(看完这本书）yesterday.作宾语4)Hehasareadingroom.(书房）作定语特点：1.在itisnouse/good,noanyuse/good,useless等后须用动名词作主语，泛指抽象动作.2在finish,mind,enjoy,pactise,avoid,imagine,consider,feellike,keep,prevent,risk,suggest等词后，一定用动词的ing形式。3.在forget,goon,like,mean,regret,remember,stop,try等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，请看下列句型：1）我记得读过这本书.Irememberreadingthebook.(指过去的动作）Imustremembertoreadthebook.(指将来的动作）2）我要设法提高我的英语口语。I’lltrytoimprovemyspokenEnglish.敲门没人答应，试着敲后门。Tryknockingatthebackdoorifnobodyhearsyouatthefrontdoor.3)不要讲话。Stoptalking.他停下来讲话。Hestoppedtotalk.4)我没打算伤害你。Ididn’tmeantohurtyou.错过这班车意味着再等一个小时。Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.4.动名词和不定式结构在意义上区别：动名词形式表示一般习惯，抽象概念，或已成过去的动作，不定式表示的往往是具体的或特定的动作，也可表示现在或将来的动作。Playingwithfireisdangerous.（泛指玩火）Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.(指一具体动作）It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.指抽象动作Herealizedthattogoonlikethiswasnouse.具体动作Hehasforgottenseeingmebefore.指已成过去的动作ImustremembertoremindJohnthatthegardenneedswatering指将来的动作三、分词：现在分词和过去分词1．分词的时态和语态。现在分词：1）有一般式和完成时，一般式即主句和从句谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。2）完成时（having+过去分词）表示的动作在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。Whenhewasastudent,hewasinterestedinbooks.Beingastudent,hewasinterestedinbooks.Afterhehaddonehishomework,hewenttobed.Havingdonehishomework,hewenttobed.3)当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时，分词用被动语态，如果要强调分词的动作先于谓语动作，就用动词完成时的被动形式。Thequestionwhichisbeingdiscussedisimportant.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisimportant.Ashehadbeencriticizedbytheteacher,LiMinggaveupsmoking.Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,LiMinggaveupsmoking.过去分词：过去分词表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作，本身有被动的含义，所以只有一般式，没有完成式。2.分词的用法：1.作定语：站在窗旁的那个男人是我们的老师。Themanstandingatthewindowisourteacher.被污染的空气河水对人体有害。Pollutedairandwaterareharmfultopeople’shealth.请注意：如果现在分词作定语时，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生。如果两个动词有先后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而用定语从句。Theteachercriticizedthestudentwhohadbrokenthewindow.2.作状语:1)Whilehewasreadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.2)SinceIamastudent,Imuststudyhard.Beingastudent,Imuststudyhard.Aswewerenotsatisfiedwiththeresult,wedecidedtodotheexperimentagain.Notsatisfiedwiththeresult,wedecidedtodotheexperimentagain.3)Iftimepermits,Iwillfinishanotherlesson.Timepermitting,Iwillfinishanotherlesson.Ifheisallowed,hewouldeatallthefoodinthehouse.Ifallowed,hewouldeatallthefoodinthehouse.4)Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.（说说笑笑）Heenteredtheroom,followedbyhisgirlfriend(后面跟着女朋友）．3.作宾补:Wesawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.（做实验）I’veneverheardthesongsunginEnglish.(用英语唱）4.作表语：Thenewsisinspiring（令人鼓舞）Heissurprised.(他很吃惊)特点：1.分词短语作状语,其逻辑主语须与句子的主语一致.2.表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while或when引导。3.有时“with(without)+名词（或代词宾格）+分词的结构表示伴随状况的独立主格结构。eg.1)Withhishomeworkfinishedaheadoftime,hebegantoplaycomputer.2)Hefellasleepwiththelampburning.4.分词短语作状语时，若句子主语不是它的逻辑主语（即两边主语不一致）通常在它前面加上它的主语，构成独立主格结构。Allmymoneystolen,Ihadtowalkwithoutbuyinganything.Timepermitting,（时间允许的话）Iwillfinishanotherlesson主语宾语表语定语状语宾语补足语动名词分词不定式EXERCISES：不定式作宾补1.Theywouldnotallowhim___A___acrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoingask,tell,invite,force,get,beg,allow,help,wishwant,like,hate,prefer,expect,encourage,advise,persuade,instruct,permit,request,order,warn.cause,urge等等动词后可接不定式作宾补。2.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_A___,todayhewasmade____byhislittlesister.A.cry,tocryB.crying,cryingC.cry,cryD.tocry,cry使役动词make,let只接不带to的不定式作宾补。Letmedoitforyou.3.Asyou’veneverbeentherebefore,I’llhavesomeone_B____youtheway.A.toshowB.showC.showingD.showedIhadmyTVsetrepairedyesterday.Don’thavehimwaitingintherainforsolong.4.---Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?---I’dliketohavethispackage_D__,madam.A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed5.It’sverycold.Let’smakeafire__B_____ourselves.A.warmB.towarmC.warmingD.warmed6.Ihaveasuggestion__C__atthemeeting.A.putforwardB.puttingforwardC.toputforwardD.tobeputforwardhave(有),make(“做”等非使役意义)时接带to的不定式作定语或目的状语7.InAustralia,hemadealotoffriends__B___averypracticalknowledgeoftheEnglishlanguage.A.getB.togetC.gettingD.got8.I’mgoingtoShanghainextweek.Haveyouanything__D___toyourparents?A.tobuyB.tobeboughtC.totakeD.tobetaken9.Themissingboywaslastseen__A___neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay10.Theboywhowascaught_B____intheexaminationwillbepunishedbytheteacher.A.CheatB.cheating.C.tocheatD.cheated11.Thestrangeryousaw__B___withabigtravellingbagstayedinRoom104yesterday.A．tocomeinB.comeinC.hascomeinD.whocamein1)感官动词，2）“致使”动词have,get,keep,leave12.