American History 3

AmericanHistoryWestwardExpansionExpandingWest1.WestwardExpansionbyU.S.Government2.WestwardMigrationbyAmericanFrontiersmen3.TrailofTearsbytheNativeIndiansWestwardExpansionbyU.S.Government1783TerritoryEastofMississippiRiver1803LouisianaTerritory1819Florida1845Texas1846OregonTerritory1848TerritoryWestofTexasTerritoryEastofMississippiRiver(1783)In1783,BritainandtheU.S.signedtheTreatyofParis,whichformallygrantedindependencetotheUnitedStatesofAmerica.TheLouisianaPurchaseIn1803,PresidentJeffersonillegallyboughttheLouisianaPurchasefromFrancefor$15million.ThisgavetheUS:•ControloftheMississippiRiver•Ahugeamountoflandtoexpand•AmoresecureWesternborder•PermanentpeacewithFrance•PlentyofnaturalresourcesTheLouisianaPurchasemakesup23.3%oftheUStoday.LewisandClarkFrom1804–1806,twomen,LewisandClark,traveledacrossNorthAmericawiththehelpofaNativeAmericanwoman,Sacagawea.•EncouragedAmericanstobegingoingwest.•OpenedAmericanfurtradeinthewest.•EstablishedcommunicationwiththeNativeAmericantribes.•FocusedUSmediaattentionontheWest.•StrengthenedtheUSclaimtothelands.LewisandClark1804-1806Warof1812TheWarof1812brokeoutbecauseof1.ForeignTrade2.TerritoryTheSecondWarofIndependenceForeignTradeTheNapoleonicWarsinEuropebetweenFranceandBritainallowedtheUStomakealotofmoneyintrade.ButaftertheFrenchnavywasdestroyed,BritainbegantorestricttradeintheAtlanticOcean.AmericanbusinessmenwerenothappyandtheUSstoppedalltradewithBritain.ThishurttheAmericaneconomyandwhentheBritishbegantakingAmericanships,wewenttowar.TerritoryAmericanswantedtogetthesouthernpartofCanadawhichwascontrolledbyBritain.In1812,AmericadeclaredwaragainstBritain.Withtheslogan“OntoCanada”,Americansinvadedtheirnorthernneighborseveraltimes.InAugust1814,aBritisharmyburnedmostofWashington,D.C.TheStar-SpangledBannerIn1814,duringtheBattleofBaltimore,apoetnamedFrancisScottKeywroteapoemthatbecamethenationalanthem(song)oftheUnitedStates.Thenameofthepoemis“TheStar-SpangledBanner”andthemusiccomesfromanoldEnglishdrinkingsong.Thesongdepictsthenightofthebattleandthewriter’sjoyofseeingthattheUSflagwasstillthereinthemorning.Oh,saycanyouseebythedawn’searlylightWhatsoproudlywehailedatthetwilight’slastgleaming?Whosebroadstripesandbrightstarsthroughtheperilousfight,O’ertherampartswewatchedweresogallantlystreaming?Andtherocket’sredglare,thebombsburstinginair,Gaveproofthroughthenightthatourflagwasstillthere.Oh,saydoesthatstar-spangledbanneryetwaveO’erthelandofthefreeandthehomeofthebrave?ConsequencesoftheWarof1812SomepeoplesaythattheAmericanRevolutionwasawarforpoliticalindependenceandtheWarof1812wasawarforeconomicindependence.•IncreasedUSindustry.•StrengthenedAmericanmoraleandunity.•EnsuredthatBritainwouldneverinterferewithAmericanpoliticsoreconomics.1819FloridaIn1819,theMonroegovernmentforcedtheSpanishtocedeFloridatotheUnitedStates.InDecember1823,PresidentJamesMonroeestablishedtheMonroeDoctrine.Argentina–1810Columbia–1810Mexico–1821Chile–1818Peru–1821TheUSsawitselfastheleaderoftheindependentrepublicsandthealternatetothe“OldWorld”powers.ContributingFactorstoMonroeDoctrineAmericafoundherselfstrongenoughtohaveasayinmattersconcerningthewesternhemisphere.EuropeanpowerswantedtoestablishnewcoloniesinLatinAmerica.In1822,RussiastartedtoclaimthenorthwestpartoftheOregonterritory.TheMonroeDoctrineNorthandSouthAmericashouldbefreefromfutureEuropeancolonization.TheEuropeannationsshouldnotinterfereinindependentcountries'affairs.TheUnitedStates'wouldbeneutralinwarsbetweenEuropeanpowersandtheircolonies.ButanynewcoloniesorinterferencewithindependentcountriesintheAmericaswereseenashostileactstowardtheUnitedStates.1845TexasIn1836,AmericanslivinginTexasrebelledagainsttheMexicangovernmentanddeclaredindependence.In1845,theU.S.CongresspassedthelawandadmittedTexas.TheMexicanWarThewarlastedform1845–1848.TheUSArmyfoughtallthewaysouththroughMexicoCitywhiletheUSNavyattackedalongthecoast.TheTreatyofGuadalupe-Hidalgoendedthewar.TheTreatyofGuadalupe-Hidalgo1.RioGrandRiverwastheboundarybetweenMexicoandtheUnitedStates.2.ThelargeterritorywestofTexaswascededtoAmerica.3.TheU.S.governmentwouldgiveMexico$15million.TheTreatyofGuadalupe-HidalgoWestwardMigrationbyAmericanFrontiersmenFrontier:theouteredgeoftheareaalreadydevelopedandoccupiedbycolonists;theborderlandbetweencivilizationandwildernessWestwardMigrationbyAmericanFrontiersmenFrontiersmen:thosewhoventuredintothefrontierFrontierHypothesisFrederickJacksonTurnerpresentedtheideainthepaper“TheSignificanceoftheFrontierinAmericanHistory”in1893.“UptoourowndayAmericanhistoryhasbeeninalargedegreethehistoryofthecolonizationoftheGreatWest.Theexistenceofanareaoffreeland,itscontinuousrecession,andtheadvanceofAmericansettlementwestward,explainAmericandevelopment.”WhatareAmericanvalues?IndividualFreedomHardWorkPolitenessSelf-RelianceModestyTraditionMaterialWealthSocialStatusFilialpietyEqualityToleranceCircumbendibusBasicAmericanValuesMaterialWealthHardWorkSelf-RelianceIndividualFreedomEqualOpportunityIndividualFreedomPeoplehavecontroloftheirowndestiny.Yourabilitytochooseisthemostimp