教外国人汉语第1课

CHINESELANGUAGENǐhuìshuōhànyǔ(zhōngwén)ma?CanyouspeakChinese?12345678910èrSìYīsānbāqīwǔshíjiǔliùInstructiononChinesePhonetics1.ChinesesyllablesSyllableisthebasicunitofChinesephonetics.Chinesesyllablesarecombinedofinitials,finalsandtones.Generallyspeaking,oneChinesecharacterindicatesonesyllable.Forexample:thesyllable“mā”,iscombinedofinitial“m”,final“a”,andthefirsttone,correspondedwiththecharacter“妈”,whichmeans“mom,mother”.Initial+Final+Tone→Syllable2.InitialsandfinalsinChineseTheconsonantatthebeginningofonesyllableiscalled“initial”,andtherestpartofthesyllableiscalled“final”.Forexample:insyllable“hàn”,“h”isinitial,and“an”isfinal.SomeoftheChinesesyllablehavenoinitials,buttheymusthavefinalsandtones,likeài爱（love）.Initial+Final+Tone→SyllablebpmfdtnlgkhjqxzhchshrzcsywInitialsaoeiuüaieiuiaoouiüieüeeraneninunünangengingongFinalsTonesareoneofthemostimportantcharacteristicsofChinesephonetics.TherearefourbasictonesinChinese:firsttone,secondtone,thirdtoneandfourthtone.Combinationsofsameinitialsandfinalsbutdifferenttoneshavedifferentmeanings.Forexample:shuǐwatershuìsleep3.TonesinChineseThefirsttoneThesecondtoneThethirdtoneThefourthtoneFourTonesinChineseTonesFeaturesthefirsttoneflatthesecondtonerisingthethirdtonefirstfallingdown,thenrisingthefourthtonefallingdownˉ′ˇ‵ˉ′ˇ‵ˉˉ′′‵‵ˇˇ1.Finals:aoeiuüClassOneChinesePhoneticsChinesePhoneticsChinesePhoneticsChinesePhoneticsChinesePhoneticsChinesePhoneticsClassOnePronunciationessentialsWhilepronouncingu,thetongueisheldbackwardwiththelipsbeingroundedandmovedforwardasmuchaspossible.Whileeisaback,mid-highandunroundedvowel.Ifitisdifficulttopronouncee,youcanpronounceofirst,andtransformintoebyextendingthedurationofowhilespreadingtheanglesofyourlips.ClassOnePronunciationessentialsBothiandüarefrontandhighvowel.Butwhenpronouncingi,thelipsshouldbeflat.Whilepronouncingü,thelipsmustberoundedup.Thepronunciationofiissimilartothe“ee”in“cheese”.Whenyoupracticeü,youcanpronounceifirst,andgraduallytransformintoübyextendingthedurationofi,thenroundupthelipsandkeepthetonguepositionunchanged.ClassOnePronunciationessentialsWhilepronouncingu,thetongueisheldbackwardwiththelipsbeingroundedandmovedforwardasmuchaspossible.Butüisafrontandhighvowel.Whenüispronounced,youshouldholdyourtongueforwardwithroundedlips.1.Mynameis….wǒdemíngzìshì….wǒjiào….2.Iam….wǒshì….ClassOne3.What’syourname?nǐjiàoshénmemíngzì?4.Nicetomeetyou.hěngāoxìngrènshìnǐ.ClassOneA:níhǎo!(A:Hello!)B:níhǎo!(B:Hello!)A:wǒjiàoMary,nǐjiàoshénmemíngzì?(A:MynameisMary,what’syourname?)B:wǒjiàoTom.(B:MynameisTom.)A:hěngāoxìngrènshìnǐ.(A:Nicetomeetyou.)B:wǒyěshì.(B:Metoo.)ClassOneClassOneKeyWords:Iwǒmywǒdeyounǐ(single)/nǐmen(plural)yournǐde/nǐmendeam/is/areshìnamemíngzì(n.);jiào(v.)whatshénmehappygāoxìngknow/meetrènshìA:Nǐhǎo!你好！Hello!/Hi!B:Nǐhǎo!你好！Hello!/Hi!A:Nínhǎo!您好！Hello!/Hi!B:Nǐhǎo!你好！Hello!/Hi!InChinese,ifyouseesomeoneelderthanyou,youshouldusenín(您).GreetingsA:Nǐhǎoma?你好吗？Howareyou?B:Wǒhěnhǎo!我很好！I’mfine.A:Nǐhǎoma?你好吗？Howareyou?B:Háikěyǐ!还可以！Notbad！GreetingsDoyouhavesomeChineseyouwanttoknow?