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杭六中任海娜二、时态的种类：初中常见的6种时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时一般将来时各种时态的用法一、一般现在时1.用法：2.结构：3.标志词:1.Theboyusually____(get)toschoolearly.gets2.Light______(travel)fasterthansound.travelsA.现在经常性的动作或状态always,usually,often,sometimes,never,everyday/week/month/year/…B.客观事实和真理。她一到达那儿，就会给你写信。——————————————————————一般现在时的注意点:、在when,assoonas,until,after,before等到引导的时间状语从句和if,aslongas,unless引导的条件状语从句中,Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,we’llgocamping.如果明天不下雨，我们将去野营。———————————————————She’llwritetoyouassoonasshegetsthere.用一般现在时表示将来.二、一般过去时1.用法：2.结构：3.标志词：yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,threedaysago,lastnight/week/month…,inthepast；justnow=amomentago,in1990过去的动作或状态。【2010河北省卷】39.I________amistake.Pleasedon’tbeangrywithme.A.makeB.madeC.willmakeDammakingB三、一般将来时1.用法：2.结构：3.标志词：tomorrow,soon,thedayaftertomorrow,inthreedays,in(the)future,nextweek/month/term…,fromnowon将来的动作或状态。四、现在进行时1.用法：2.结构:3.标志词：--Mike,who____footballintheyard?--Letmegoandsee.（2010顺义）A.hasplayedB.willplayC.wasplayingD.isplayingA.现在动作B.现阶段动作now,Look!Listen!atpresent,atthismomentis/am/are+doing注意A.有几个瞬间动词可以用现在进行时表将来，如：begin,start,come,go,leave。1.--Lucy!Wouldyouliketogivemeahand?--OK.I____.A.willcomeB.comeC.amcomingD.wouldcome2.--When____you____forToronto?--Tomorrow.A.do;leaveB.are;leavingC.will;leavingD.shall;leave•Theboy______always______us!B.现在进行时和always连用，表示说话人较强烈的感情色彩。•You____always_____thesamemistake!ishelping(夸赞)aremaking(责备)五、过去进行时1.用法：2.结构：3.标志词：过去某时某段时间正在进行的动作。atthatmoment,atthistimeyesterday,atninelastnight,when…was/were+doing【2010河北省卷】44.I________myclotheswhenthephonerang.A.washB.washedB.amwashingD.waswashingD1.用法：12六、现在完成时过去的动作已经结束对现在的影响或结果。过去的动作持续到现在,还可能继续持续。--Mum,canIwatchTV?I____________(finish)myhomework.--Ofcourse,youcanhavefinished2.结构3.标志词：have/has+donealready,just,yet,ever,never,sofar(tillnow/uptonow),recently,inthepast3years,before,since+时间点,for+时间段4.瞬间动词和延续性动词若句中出现时间段(for/since)，则必须使用延续性动词。瞬间动词和延续性动词转换关系如下：1.Thefilmbegan5minutesago.2.Theyleftanhourago.3.Themandiedaweekago.4.Hejoinedtheclub3daysago.5.Theygotmarried10yearsago.6.Hecamehereanhourago.7.Jackgothome2hoursago.8.Mumopenedthedoorjustnow.9.Iborrowedthebookaweekago.10.Iboughtthecarayearago.Thefilm_________for5minutes.They____________foranhour.Theman___________foraweek.He__________theclubfor3days.They_______________for10years.He_______heresinceanhourago.Jack_______homefor2hours.Thedoor________openforawhile.I_________thebookforaweek.I________thecarsinceayearago.hasbeenonhavebeenawayhasbeendeadhasbeeninhavebeenmarriedhasbeenhasbeenhasbeenhavekepthavehad1.Sorry,I____tohelpyouatten.Iwasbusyatthemoment.A.won'tcomeB.can'tcomeC.didn'tcomeD.shouldn'tcome2.He_______thispenforfiveyears.He______itin1997.A.hasbought,bought.B.bought,boughtC.haskept,hasboughtD.hashad,bought3.She_________theflowersinthegardenwhenI_________toseeheryesterday.A.watered，wentB.waswatering，wentC.watered，wasgoingD.waswatering，wasgoing4.Idon'tknowifmyfriend_________.Ifhe_________,I'llletyouknow.A.comes,comesB.comes,willcomeC.willcome,comesD.willcome,willcome5.It______10yearssinceI______here.A.is,comeB.is,havecomeC.was,cameD.is,came6.Hisbrother_________fromhomeforalongtime.A.hasleftB.hasbeenawayC.leftD.willleave7.--Lucy,___you____yourticket?--Notyet.(2003河北省)A.did;findB.have;foundC.has;foundD.do;find8.--Idon’tknowifhisuncle____--Ithinkhe___ifitdoesn’train.A.willcome;comesB.willcome;willcomeC.comes;comesD.comes;willcome9.--Hurryup!It’stimetoleave.--OK,____.(2003江西)A.I’mcomingB.I’llcomeC.I’vecomeD.Icome10.ImustreturnthecameratoLiLei,I____itfortwoweeks.A.keepB.borrowedC.havekeptD.havelent(2003辽宁)11.--When__thiskindofcomputer__?--Lastyear.(2002天津)A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used12.--Jerry,____you____yourlostbook?--Notyet.A.did;findB.have;foundC.has;foundD.do;find13.Doyouknowif____backnextweek?Ifhe____back,pleaseletmeknow.(2002黑龙江)A.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome;comesC.hewillcome;comesD.willhecome,willcomebe+done被动语态的基本结构:有各种时态的变化考点一:•一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+done一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+done一般将来时的被动语态：will+be+donebegoingto+be+done现在完成时的被动语态：have/has+been+done含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+done考点二:被动语态中的特殊情况:①Goodmedicine___bitter.A.tastesB.istastedC.taste②Thispen___well.A.issoldB.sellC.sells1.感官动词用主动表被动,使役动词（make,have,let)+do幻灯片29；2.一些动词如sell(销售),wash(洗),clean(打扫),write（写）burn(燃烧),cook(煮)等与副词如well(好),easily(容易地),perfectly(十分地)等连用,描会事物的特性，用主动表被动•主动：see/hear/makesb.dosth被动：beseen/heard/madetodosth使役动词(let除外）和感官动词变为被动语态时必须还原toTheman____cleanthetoiletbecausehe___rubbishboutwhenthepolicewalkedpastthepark.A.wasmade;wasseentothrowB.wasmadeto;wasseenthrowingC.made;saw幻灯片28Childrenshould___.A.takegoodcareofB.betakengoodcareC.betakengoodcareof固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的介词Yourdesk___.A.needsrepairB.needsrepairingC.needstorepairneed,want,require（要求，需要）,后面接doing主动表被动。needtobedone=needdoingManythnks!