新编英语语法教程第16讲

第16讲虚拟式16.1be-型虚拟式be型虚拟式是指动词永远使用原形,不管主语是什么,动词都为原形.1)用于表示命令,决定,建议等词语之后的that分句中A)表示命令决定建议的动词之后的从句,如动词:decide,decree,demandinsist,move,order,prefer,propose,recommend,request,suggest,vote等Heorderedthatallthebooksbesentatonce.Weproposethatsomebodyneutraltakethechair.Thedoctorinsistedthathenoteatmeat.B)表示命令决定建议的名词之后的从句,如名词:decision,decree,demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution等Wewerefacedwiththedemandthatthistaxbeabolished.Youradvicethatshewaittillnextweekisreasonable.Hisorderthatthetroopsnotbesentatoncewascarriedout.C)用在一些形容词后的真实主语从句中.如形容词:advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,necessary,obligatory,proper等.Itisessentialthatallthefactsbeexaminedfirst.Itisnecessarythathecomebackwithoutdelay.Ithoughtitadvisablethatanarmedguardstandinreadiness.2)用于由if,though等引导的分句中.推测,让步,防备等含义.if,though,whatever,lest,solongasIftherumourbetrue,everythingispossible.Thougheveryonedesertyou,Iwillnot.Whateverbehisdefense,wecannottoleratethisdisloyalty.3)用于某些公式化语句中LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina.Godblessyou!Sobeit.SufficeittosaythatIknownothing.Farbeitfrommetocallhimathief.Iwillstayherewithyouifneedbe.16.2were-型虚拟式were型虚拟式只有一种形式,即不管主语是什么,动词一律用过去式,be动词一律用were.1)用于某些状语分句中.常用于if,ifonly,asif,asthough,though引导的非真实从句IfIwereyou,Ishouldwaittillnextweek.Ifitweretorain,thegamewouldbeputoff.HespoketomeasifIweredeaf.Hebehavesasthoughhewerebetterthanus.IfonlyIwerenotsonervous.2)用于wish,wouldrather,suppose,imagine引导的从句中,也表示非真实的臆想.Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.I’dratherIwerenotatthesiteoftheaccident.Supposetheearthwerefalt.Justimagineeveryoneweretogiveupsmoking.16.3假设意义表示法综述1)表示假设意义的一些结构A)It’stimethat…It’stimewewenttobed.You’vebeenworkinghard.It’stimeyoutookarest.It’shightimeweleftthisplace.B)Iwouldrather/soonerthat…Iwouldrathershegothomealittleearlier.I’dratherhetoldmethetruth.Iwouldratherhehadbeenpresent.C)Ifonly…IfonlyIknewheraddress.IfonlyIhadgonebytaxi.D)behavesasif/asthough…Hebehavesasifheownedthisplace.Shewassittingquietlyinthegardenasif/asthoughnothinghadhappenedtoher.E)Iwish…IwishIdidn’thavetogotoworktoday.IwishIhadn’tsaidthat.含蓄条件句Butforyourhelp,Icouldn’thaveachievedanything.Indifferentcircumstances,Imighthaveagreed.用于其他语境Thatsheshouldforgetmesoquicklywasratherashock.Whowouldhavethoughtthatthingsshouldcometosuchatragicend.Thedoorwaspushedopen;whoshouldcomeinbutthewomantheyweretalkingabout.Hesteppedintoacaveandwhatshouldheseebutatigresswithherbabytigers.非真实条件句所表假设是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的,句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气.1)与现在事实相反的非真实条件句,条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式,结果主句的谓语是should/would+动词原形Ifweleftnow,weshouldarriveingoodtime.Evenifhehadthemoney,hewouldn’tbuyit.2)与过去事实相反的非真实条件句,条件从句的谓语用过去完成,结果主句用should/would+现在完成Ifwehadhadtime,wewouldhavedroppedby.IfIhadn’tsaidthat,themeetingwouldhavesucceeded.3)与将来事实可能相反的非真实条件句,从句的谓语用过去式或wereto+动词原形,结果主句的谓语用should/would+动词原形Ifyoudroppedtheglass,itwouldbreak.Ifyoulivedthereforawhile,youwouldchangeyourmindaboutthat.Ifheweretovisitourdormitory,weshouldgetthenews.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,whatshouldwedo?Exercise16D1.如果有必要,我自然会带你去.A:2.要是我来做这事,我要采用不同的方法.A:3.总统命令所有武装部队立即动员起来.A:Iwouldcertainlytakeyouthereifneedbe.IfIweretodothis,Iwouldadoptadifferentmethod.Thepresidentorderedthatallthearmedforcesbemobilizedatonce.4.董事会决定任命约翰逊为总经理.A:5.如果我是你,我会勇敢地正视这一问题.A:6.假如我身体好一些,我早就离开这里了.A:TheboarddecidedthatJohnsonbeappointedgeneralmanager.IfIwereyou,Iwouldfaceuptotheproblem.IfIwereinbetterhealth,Iwouldhavelongleftthisplace.7.我非常不愿意眼看他犯错误.A:8.我多么希望我们厂装备得好一些.A:9.要不是我们明天有测验,我今晚就去看电影了.A:Ifweweren’ttohaveourtesttomorrow,Iwouldgoandseeafilmthisevening.HowIwishourfactorywerebetterequipped.Farbeitfrommetoseehimmakeamistake.10.对所有申请者必须逐一面试.A:11.有人建议另外开一次会来讨论通货膨胀的问题.A:12.我一定要她在上海再多待一两天.A:Itisessentialthatalltheapplicantsbeinterviewedonebyone.Itwassuggestedthatanothersessionbeheldtodiscusstheproblemofinflation.IinsistedthatshestayinShanghaiforanotherdayortwo.13.钢铁工人要求提高工资百分之十.A:14.我赞成他们提出的关于延期讨论的动议.A:15.我宁愿我的秘书陪我去北京.A:IpreferthatmysecretaryaccompanymetoBeijing.Isecondtheirmotionthatthediscussionbeputoff.Thesteelworkersdemandedthattheirwagesbeincreasedby10percent.16.已经决定让出更多的时间用于泛读.A:17.没有民族独立哪来民主自由,说这一句就够了.A:18.如果你不听我的忠告,那就算了.A:Sufficeittosaythatwithoutnationalindependencethereisnodemocracyorfreedom.Ifyoudonotlistentomyadvice,sobeit.Ithasbeendecidedthatmoretimebeallotedforextensivereading.19.我们一致建议指定一位持中立立场的人主持会议.A:20.他似乎已经变成一个完全自私自利的人了.A:Hehasbecome,asitwere,anutterlyself-centredman.Weunanimouslyrecommendedthataneutralchairmanbeappointed.