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1、【communicationacrosscultures】ChapterOneConceptualFoundation【跨文化沟通】第一章概念的基础Whystudyinterculturalcommunication?为什么学习跨文化交际?ThereisafolktalethatcomestousfromthefoothillsoftheHimalayas.Amanwastryingtoexplaintoablindfriendwhatcolorsare.HebeganwiththecolorWhite.有一个民间的故事,来自于喜马拉雅山的山麓。一名男子试图解释一个盲人朋友的颜色是什么。他开始与雪白的颜色。“Well,”hesaid,“itislikesnowonthehills.”“嗯,”他说,“这就像雪在山上。”“Oh,”theblindmansaid,“thenitmustbeawetanddampishsortofcolor,isn’tit?”“No,no,”themansaid,“itisalsothesamecolorascottonorwool.”“Ohyes,Iunderstand.Itmustbefluffycolor.”“No,itisalsolikepaper.”“哦,”盲人说,“那一定是湿,微湿的颜色,不是吗?”“不,不,”那人说,“这也是相同的颜色,棉或羊毛。”“哦,是的,我明白了。一定是毛茸茸的颜色。”“不,它也像纸。”“Thenitmustbeacracklingorfragilecolor,”saidtheblindman.“No,notatall.Itisalsolikechina.”“那一定是脆皮或脆弱的颜色,”瞎子说。“不,不是。也喜欢中国。”2讲【cultureandcommunication讲文化和沟通AnAmericanuniversitystudentTomisactiveinaforeignstudentclubathisuniversityandhasseveralgoodfriendsfromdifferentcountries.OneofthemtellsTomhisparentsandsisterwillbevisiting,andheasksTomifhewouldliketomeetthem.Tominvitesallofthemtovisithishomeoneafternoon.Theyarriveandpresenthimwithanicelywrappedgift.Tomtellsthemtheyshouldn’thavebroughtanything,butthanksthemandproceedstoopenthegift,whichturnsoutbeveryprettyvasefromtheircountry.Hethanksthemagain.Hesensesomeawkwardnessandrealizesthathehasnotofferedthemanythingtodrink.“Wouldyoulikecoffeeorteaorasoftdrink?”heasks.Theyallrefuse.Thingsseemmoreawkwardnow.Buthetalksalittleoftheircountry,aboutstudiesattheuniversity,aboutthecostofliving,andeverythingthefatherwhisperssomethingtohisson.“Ithinkwemustbeleavingtoreturntothehotel,”hesays.Everybodystandsup,shakehands,andtheystarttoleave.“Pleasecomeandvisitagain,”Tomsaysashestandsandwatchesthefamilywalktothedoor,openitanddisappeardownthehall.Twodayslater,inaveryindirectway,Tomlearnsfromanotherfriendthatthevisitorsthoughthewasarudehost一个美国大学的学生汤姆是活跃在他大学的外国学生俱乐部,有几个来自不同国家的好朋友。其中一人告诉汤姆他的父母和妹妹将访问,他问汤姆是否想见到他们。汤姆邀请他们参观他的家的一个下午。他们到达,给他一个包装精美的礼物。汤姆告诉他们他们不带来任何东西,但由于他们,继续打开礼物,这证明是非常漂亮的花瓶从他们的国家。他再次感谢他们。他感觉有些尴尬,意识到他没有给他们任何东西喝。“你想要咖啡还是茶还是饮料?”他问道。他们都拒绝。事情似乎更尴尬的了。但他的小国家,谈论研究大学,生活费用,父亲低声说些儿子的一切。“我认为我们必须离开回到酒店,”他说。每个人都站起来,握手,他们开始离开。“请再来拜访,”汤姆说,他站和手表家庭走到门口,打开它,消失在大厅。两天后,汤姆非常间接的方式,可以从另一个朋友,游客认为他是一个粗鲁的主机3讲【culturaldiversity】【文化多样性】Mr.ZhaoandMr.Qianhavebeenongoodtermswitheachother,thoughMr.ZhaolivesinChinawhileMr.QianbecameanoverseasChineseworkingintheUnitedStates.Thetwobothhavechildrenaboutthesameage.Mr.QianhastwobrotherswholiveintheU.S.andmanagetheirfamilybusinesses.AndbothMr.ZhaoandMr.Qianhavebusinessthatseemsfairlyprosperous.Inrecenttimes,however,Mr.Qianisboggeddownwithsomedifficulties,andinfact,hisbusinessisalmostontherocks.But,hehasanopportunitytoinvestinaverypromisingventurebutatthemomentdoesnothaveenoughcash.Herealizesthatthisventurewillbeabletohelphimnursehisbusinessback,andthathistwobrothersdonothavethelargesumheneeds.HeweighedthesituationcarefullyandthentelephonedMr.Zhaoforhelp.Mr.Zhaogladlylenthimthemoney,andtheventuredidturnoutveryprofitablyforMr.Qian,whowasthenabletorepayMr.Zhaowiththeinterestimmediately.Laterthatyear,whenMr.Zhao’sdaughterwasapplyingforacourseintheUnitedStates,hecalledMr.Qiantohelptogethisdaughterintothecollegebyusinghisconnections.Mr.QianacquiescedandsecuredaplaceforMr.Zhao’daughter.Ayearlater,Mr.Zhao’snephewwasgoingtotheStates.HeaskedMr.Qianifhisbrotherscouldhelphimandgivehimajobwhenhegotthere.Again,Mr.Qiancompliedwithouthesitation.ButwhenthiswasknownbyoneofMr.Qian’sAmericanfriends,Jackson,hedidn’tseemtobeabletounderstandalltheassistanceMr.QianhadgiventoMr.Zhao,thoughMr.Qianhadtoldhimalotabouttherelationbetweenthem.JacksonsaidthatMr.Zhaowasaskingtoomuch赵亮和钱先生一直关系不错,但赵先生生活在中国而钱先生成为海外华人在美国工作。都有两个孩子的年龄相同。钱先生有两个兄弟,他们住在美国和管理他们的家族企业。赵亮和钱先生有业务,似乎相当繁荣。然而,近年来,钱云会被一些困难,事实上,他的生意几乎是在岩石上。但是,他有机会投资于一个非常有前途的公司,但目前没有足够的现金。他意识到这种风险将能够帮助他护士业务回来,和他的两个兄弟没有他需要的大笔。他仔细权衡形势,然后给赵先生打电话寻求帮助。赵先生很乐意借给他钱,风险确实被证明非常有利可图钱先生,当时能够立即偿还赵先生与兴趣。同年晚些时候,赵亮的女儿是在美国申请课程,他打电话给钱先生,帮助他的女儿进入大学通过使用他的连接。钱先生默许了,获得了赵先生的女儿。一年后,赵亮的侄子去美国。他问钱先生兄弟可以帮助他,给他一个工作当他到达那里。再次,钱先生毫不犹豫地履行。但当这是被钱先生的一个美国朋友,杰克逊,他似乎并不能够理解所有的援助钱先生给赵亮,尽管钱先生曾告诉他很多关于它们之间的关系。杰克逊说,赵先生是要求得太多了5讲【cultureandverbalcommunication】【文化和语言交流】InanattempttolocateanoutletforitsproductsinEurope，alargeUSmanufacturersentoneofitspromisingyoungexecutivestoFrankfurttomakeapresentationtoareputableGermandistributor.TheUScompanyhadconsiderableconfidenceinthechoiceofthisparticularjuniorexecutivebecausethemannotonlyspokefluentGermanbutalsoknewagooddealofGermanculture.WhentheAmericanenteredtheconferenceroomwherehewouldmakinghispresentation,hedidalltherightthings.heshookhandsfirmly,greetedeveryonewithafriendly“hello”,andbowedhisheadslightlyasiscustomaryinGermany.DrawingonhisexperienceasapastpresidentoftheToastmastersClubinhishometown,theUSexecutivestartedhispresentationwithafewhumorousanecdotestosetarelaxedmood.attheendofhispresentation,however,hesensedthathistalkhadnotgonewell.infact,thepresentationwasnotwellreceived,fortheGermancompanychosenottodistributetheUScompany’sproducts为了找到一个出口为其产品在欧洲,美国大型制造商发送它的一个有前途的年轻高管法兰克福表示一个有名望的德国经销商。这家美国公司有相当大的信心的选择这个特殊的初级主管,因为人