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1.HistoricalBackgroundWW(WordWarOne一战)Economicdepressionandworker'smovement.(经济萧条和工人运动)Irishnationalistmovement（民族解放运动）WW（二战）2.CulturalBackground•NewTheoriesandIdeas(新的思想和理论)•Darwin'sEvolutionaryTheory(达尔文的进化论)•Einstein'sTheoryofRelativity(爱因斯坦的相对论)•Freud'sAnalyticalPsychology(弗洛伊德的分析心理学)•KarlMarksandFriedrichEngel'sTheoryofScientificSocialism•(马克思和恩格斯的科学社会主义理论)•ArthurSchopenhauer'sPessimism(亚瑟叔本华的悲观主义)•FriedrichNietzsche'sDoctrinesofPowerandSuperman•(尼采的基督教精神及强权主义)•HenryBergson'sIrrationalPhilosophy(伯格森的非理性主义哲学)Realisminthe20thCenturyEnglishLiterature(20世纪英国现实主义文学)•二十世纪英国现实主义文学改变了维多利亚时期那种高雅温和的倾向，加强了对英国社会的保守性和虚伪性的批判，具有一种冷峻的直面人生的特点。Modernism(现代主义)•Areactionagainstrealism•Modernismtakestheirrationalphilosophyand•psycho-analysisasitstheoreticalbase.•Themajorthemesofthemodernistlitrraturearethe•distorted,alienatedandillrelationshipsbetweenman•andnature,manandsociety,manandman,manand•himself•Themodernistwritersconcentratemoreontheprivate•thanonthepublic,moreonthesubjectivethanonthe•objective.Someterms•Symbolism象征主义•Expressionism表现主义•Surrealism超现实主义•Futurism未来主义•Dadaism达达主义•Imagism意象主义•Streamofconsciousness意识流•Existentialism存在文学•Theatreofabsurd荒诞派戏剧•Blackhumor黑色幽默EnglishNovelofEarly20thCentury•TheRealists:•TheEnglishrealistsattheendofthe19thandthebeginningofthe20thcontinuedanddevelopedthetraditionsofthebrilliantschoolofcriticalrealism.Theysoughtfornewwaysandmeansofrevealingthetruthoflife.Intheirworkscriticismofthebourgeoisworldreachesconsiderabledepthandpoigancy.ThenotablenamesamongthemincludeButler,Meredithandwells.RudyardKipling(鲁德亚德吉卜林)1865-1936•majorworks:•DepartmentalDittiesandOtherVerses《分类的歌曲》•SevenSeas《七海》•TheFiveNations《五国》•TheJungleBook《森林之书》•JustSoStories《如此故事》•PlainTalesfromtheHills《山中的故事》•Soldiersthree《三个士兵》•Life'sHandicaps《生命的阻力》•ManyInvebtions《许多发明》•TheLightThatFailed《消失的光芒》•CaptainCourageous《勇敢的船长》•Kim《吉姆》ArnoldBennett(阿诺德本涅特)1867-1931•Majorworks:•AnnaoftheFiveTown《五镇的安娜》•Clayhanger《克莱汉格》•HildaLessways《希尔达莱斯韦斯》•TheseTwain《老两口》•TheOldWives'Tale《老妇谭》JosephConrad(约瑟夫康拉德)1857-1924Seanovels:TheNiggeroftheNarcissus《白水仙号上的黑家伙》TyphoonandOtherStories《台风集》YouthandTwoOtherStories《青春集》JungleNovels:LordJim《吉姆爷》HeartofDarkness《黑暗的心灵》PoliticalNovels:Nostromo《诺斯特罗莫》TheSecretAgent《特务》UnderWesternEyes《在西方的注视下》HenryJames亨利詹姆斯1843-1916•《美国人》TheAmerican(1877）•《欧洲人》TheEuropeans(1878)•《金碗》TheGoldenBowl(1904）•《鸽翼》TheWingsoftheDove(1902)•《悲惨的缪斯》TheTragicMuse(1890)•《华盛顿广场》WashingtonSquare(1880)•《黛西·米勒》DaisyMiller(1878)(中篇小说)•《使节》(或译:奉使记)TheAmbassadors(1903)•《一位女士的画像》ThePortraitofaLady(1881)•《丛林猛兽》TheBeastintheJungle(1903)(中篇小说)KatharineMansfield凯瑟琳曼斯菲尔德1888-1923•MajorWorks:•Prelude《前奏》•BlissandOtherStories《幸福集》•TheGardenPartyandOtherStories•《园会集》•TheDove'sNestandOtherStories•《鸽巢集》•SomethingChildishandOtherStories•《幼稚集》•TheDaughtersoftheLateColonel《已故中校的女儿》ThomasHardy托马斯哈代1840-1928•thelastandoneofthegreatestVictoriannovelistsandpoets•oneoftherepresentativesofEnglishcriticalrealismandtheturnofthe19thcenturyHisMajorworks•1)RomancesandFantasies•ApairofBlueEyes《一双蓝蓝的眼睛》•TheTrumpetMajor《号兵长》•2）NovelsofIngenuity•DesperateRemedies《非常手段》•3）Novelsofcharacterandenvironment•FarFromtheMaddingCrowd《远离尘嚣》•TheReturnoftheNative《还乡》•TessoftheD'Urbervills《德伯家的苔丝》•JudetheObscure《无名的裘德》•Poems•WessexPoems《韦塞克斯诗集》•EpicDrama•TheDynasts《统治者三部曲》JohnGalsworthy约翰高尔斯华绥1867-1933•Englishnovelistandplaywright•Galsworthybecameknownforhis•portrayaloftheBritishuppermiddlecclassandforhissocialsatire.•1932winNobelLaureateinLiterature•forhisdistinguishedartofnarration•whichtakesitshighestforminThe•ForsyteSaga.•HisMajorworks•Novels:•TheForsyteSaga《福尔赛世家》•1.TheManofProperty《有产业的人》•2.InChancery《骑虎》•3.ToLet《出租》•AModernComedy《现代喜剧》•1.TheWhiteMonkey《白猿》•2.TheSilverSpoon《钥匙》•3.SwanSong《天鹅之歌》•That'sAll•ThankYou•——by七组