搜索
TessoftheD’UrbervillesThomasHardyThomasHardy的创作长篇小说14部、短篇小说集4部、诗集8部、史诗剧《列王》三部。小说分为三类：“传奇和幻想作品”（罗曼史）“机巧和实验小说”（爱情阴谋故事）“性格和环境小说”（最重要的部分）WessexNovels威塞克斯小说哈代的系列小说总题名，包括14部小说。威塞克斯是哈代家乡的古地名，哈代用威塞克斯的同一背景把多部小说联成一体。全部作品分为三大类，“罗曼史和幻想”、“爱情阴谋小说”、“性格和环境小说”。主要内容是描写19世纪后半期英国宗法制农村社会的衰亡，表现下层人民的悲惨命运。哈代的“性格和环境小说”，表现出作者对造成威塞克斯社会和威塞克斯人悲剧命运的探讨。经历了“命运悲剧——性格悲剧——社会悲剧”的发展过程。代表作是《德伯家的苔丝》。他这些小说展示了英国农村的恬静景象。简介：TessoftheD'UrbervillesisthemostfamousnovelofThomasHardy.FocusingonthetragicexperienceofitsheroineTess,theplotofstorybegins.Tesscomesfromafarmer’sfamily,theDurbeyfields.Shehaslivedapoorbutpeacefullife.However,God,“ThePresidentoftheImmoral”beginstoplayacrueljokeonthisinnocentgirl.Onedayherfather,JohnDurbeyfiedlearnsthattheyaredescendedfromtheD’Urbervilles,anancientfamilyoncerenownedinEngland.Tess’sparentsareinanecstasyofdelightoverthenews.HermotherurgesTesstoclaimkinshipwiththeremainingD’Urbervilles,sothatTesscouldmarryagentleman.Unwillingly,thegirlcomesincontactwiththeStoke,D’Urbervilles.ThereshemeetsAlecD’Urbervilles,whoshowsofftheestateandalwaysseducesher.Havingreceivedajoboftendingtochickens,TessstaysintheD’Urbervilles.Hertragiclifehasjustbegun.BeforelongtherichandguilefulAlecmanagestoseducethegirlandmakeherpregnant.Beinghumiliatedandresolute,Tessreturnshome.Despitetherumorsallaround,shegivesbirthtoachild,whoiscalledSorrowbutdiessoonbecauseofgraveillness.Forseveralweeks,Tessisoverwhelmedbygriefandsorrow.Nevertheless,withoutfinancialsupport,Tesshastoleavehomeandgoestoworkasadairymaidatadistantfarm,whereshemeetsAngelClaire.Theyhavemeteachotherbefore,andTesshasmadeafavorableimpressiononAngel.AfterAngelpersistentpursuitofTess,thetwofallinloveandbecomeengaged.Thencomestheweddingnight,toohonesttokeepanysecret,TessadmitsaboutAlecD’Urbervillesandthechild.Shebegsforforgiveness,butAngelleavesherindisgust.Tessagainreturnshomealone,onlyfindthatherfamilyremainsimpoverishedandsheevenhasnoplacetostay.Inthemeantime,AlecD’Urbervilles,theevilpersonappearsagain.HetakesadvantageoftheDurbeyfields’povertyandcontinuestotemptTess.Hepromisestosupportherfamily,onlyasameanstomakeTessdependent.Attheendofhope,thegirljumpsintothetrapoftheshamelessman.However,thetragedyhasnotfinishedyet.AngelClaire,whoisremorsefulforhismercilessness,comesback,buttofindthecruelreality.AndhisarrivalmakesTessevenmoredesperate.AfterAngelleaves,shestabsAlecintheheartandkillshim.ThenshefollowsAngelandescapewithhim.TheymanagetohideforawhileinawoodbeforetheycometoStonehenge,wheresheisarrested.Sheishangedlater.人物性格分析：Tess:aninnocentcountrygirlbroughtupwiththetraditionalideaofwomanlyvirtues,suffersthepovertyanddenunciationofthesociety.Inmostpeople′eyes,Tessisabadwomanwithoutmorality,sheisamistress,acriminal.MaybethewholelifeofTessisendedupwithtragedy,butherbravetotheevil,persistenttothetruth，pursuetoherloverepresentsheisthemodelofmoderntime.ToHardy,Tessisthedaughterofnature,shemixesthepurewithresolute.AlthoughTessishangedattheend,sheisluckybecausesheisfreefromthisearthlyworld.Noonecanbetheperfectone,theweaknessofTessmakesherarealperson,whichisshowedvividlybeforeus.Keywords:nature,pure,brave,weakness,rebel.Clare:livedinsuchconditionswhichthemasculineauthorityplayedanimportantroleintraditionalsociety.AngelClarewasoneofthevictimsofthissociety.Maybesomeofhisideasisadvanced,buthestillcan’tgetridoftheshacklesoftheoldmoralprejudices.苔丝的悲剧与她生命中的两个男人息息相关,一个是诱奸她的亚雷·德伯;一个是抛弃她的安琪·克莱尔。亚雷·德伯在苔丝眼里就是“撒旦”,是魔鬼的象征,他就是毁灭苔丝终身幸福的罪魁祸首。他第一次看见苔丝,就垂涎她超凡脱俗的美貌。亚雷·德伯对苔丝的纠缠玩弄代表了资产阶级恶势力对农民阶级的蹂躏。安琪·克莱尔是苔丝心目中的“天使”,苔丝很早就对他产生了爱慕之情,但是安琪·克莱尔表面上“具有一定的开明思想”,其实并没有真正摆脱旧道德偏见的束缚,“一旦事出非常”,那种以男性为中心的旧道德观念就使他成为“成见习俗的奴隶”。如果说亚雷·德伯从肉体上毁了苔丝,让她成为一名“不贞洁”的女人,那么,安琪·克莱尔则从精神上给了苔丝致命的一击,让她对生活失去了希望。安琪·克莱尔对苔丝的抛弃则表现了资产阶级的传统道德观念对她的迫害。克莱尔在本质上也是男权社会的化身,他和亚雷·德伯共同摧毁了苔丝。