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1一：药品广告（drugadvertisement）reading提出命题：药品广告所提供的信息都是客观全面的，且病人对药物了解得越多越好1.病人可以更多了解处方药的相关信息（information）2.医生开药时，病人可以与广告上进行比较，有利于选药3.通过广告，病人可以了解到新药的发展，提醒医生lecture挑战命题：病人不需要对药物了解太多，因为有时候了解得太多会对非专业的病人产生困扰，而且广告所提供的信息也不完整全面1.广告通常只有宣传好处，对副作用（sideeffects）一笔带过，病人很难判断2.病人对药物的准确用法用量不了解，可能会用错3.广告只宣传新药，对旧药没有宣传，但是针对不同的病情，也许旧药更为合适（appropriate）例文:Thespeakerraisesseriouscounterargumentsagainstthereadingparagraphsbyprovidingdrasticallydifferentevidencesregardingtheeffectsoftheadvertisement,theimpactofself-selectingmedication,andtheimpactoftrendsinthepharmaceuticalindustry.First,knowingmoreinformationfromtheadswillnotnecessarilyhelpthepatientsmakebetter-informeddecisions,asthereadingargues.Onthecontrary,patients,withoutprofessionaltrainingandknowledge,willbemoresusceptibletomisunderstandinginformation.Forexample,theywouldfocusonlyonthepositivesidesofacertainmedicinewhileignoringtheserioussideeffects.Inaddition,ifthepatientsbeartheresponsibilityofprescribingtheirownmedication,theyassumemoreresponsibilitytotheirownhealth.Thismakesdoctorslessliableforpotentialrisksandundesirableconsequences.Lastly,asforthenewtrends'benefitstothepatients,thespeakerdoesnotchallengethereadingdirectly.Instead,hearguesthatthenewmedicine,whichwillcountformostoftheadsmaynotnecessarilybethebestmedicine,eventhoughthepatientscaninformtheirdoctorsaboutthenewproducts.新航道：二：网络故事书（web－storybookservice）reading网络故事书的好处1.可以教小朋友读书2.经济实惠，家长不需要为孩子买书了3.可以代替父母陪伴孩子，为家长节省时间lecture反驳1.使用时不能和小朋友互动（askquestionandgetfeedback）22.网络上的故事都是过时的，要想读新故事还是要买书（不足）3.父母与孩子一起读书可以增进感情例文：Thespeakerrebutsthereading'sargumentbypointingouttheinadequacyoftheweb-storybookservices'interactionwithchildren,theincompletenessofthedatapool,andbyunderminingtheassumptionthatsavingparents'readingtimeisabenefit.Thespeakerbeginsbystatingthatmerelypronouncingthewordsandstoryforthechildrenwillnotprovideadequatelearningexperiences.Despitethetimesavedandpronunciationutilitieslaidoutinthereading,thewebservicescanonlyrespondwithcorrectornotcorrect.Thelackoffeedbacktochildren'squestionswillnotcreateaneffectivelearningprocess.Thenthespeakergoesontoarguethatthecurrentweb-storybookserviceshaveaverylimitedcollectionofbooks,thusnotbeingabletosaveparentsthecostofnewbooksasthereadingstates,becausetheparentsstillhavetobuymanybooksthatthewebservicesdonotprovide.Lastly,thespeakerchallengesthevalidityoftheassumptionofsavingparents'timetoreadstoriestochildren.Thereadingarguesthatsavingthetimeisabenefitfortheparents,butthespeakermaintainsthatthewholepointofreadingstoriesisfarbeyondreadingstoriesalone.Incontrast,itisanessentialwayofcommunicatingandbuildingrelationshipbetweenparentsandchildren.三：网络问卷（webbasedsurvey）reading网络问卷相对传统问卷的优势1.调查范围更广，所以调查结果就更为准确（逻辑错误：参加人多并不代表范围广，也不能保证效果好）2.发放，填写和收集问卷更加方便简单3.成本低lecture反驳网络问卷的优势1.所取得的调查结果不全面（biased），因为不是所有人都会上网，中老年人上网会比较少，而年轻人上网比较多2.成本并不会低，因为一个好的网络问卷需要一个团队的大量工作（提出新的证据：网络问卷也需要成本和人力资源）3.大多数人对网络问卷都不严肃，会得到不正确的信息，容易混淆视听。例文：Thespeakerquestionstheeffectivenessofwebbasedsurveysbyprovidingevidencescontradictorytothereading.First,heidentifiedthereading'slogicalflawinassumingthatanincreaseinthescopeandquantityofthesurveywillautomatically3translatetogreaterprecisionofthesurveys.However,ifsurveysaimtoquestionpeopleover60yearsold,howcantheseoldpeopleconductsurveysonlinesincethisgroupseldomsurftheInternet?Thewebsurveysareeffectiveinreachingmainlytheyounggeneration.Thustheresultscannotbeextendedtodemonstratetheviewsofthewholepopulation.Second,althoughtheweb-basedsurveyswilllowerpapercost,theywillinevitablyincurnewcostsinwebdesigning,flashyfeatures,andotherelements,whichwillrequiremorecostlyteamwork.Thisevidenceeffectivelyattacksthereading'sargumentthatwebsurveyswillcertainlyreducethecostofthesurvey.Intheend,manywebdesignerstendtooverdointhewebpageandaddfancyandflashyfeatures.Asaresult,manypeopleperceivetheweb-basedsurveysasnotseriousandarethusnotwillingtorespondtothesurveys.Unlikephysicalsurveysthatdrawattentioneffectively,manywebbasedsurveysaresimplyignoredorevendeleted.四：打分偏高（inflationofmarks）reading老师给学生打的分数越来越高1.分数打得低会减低学生的学习意志2.会影响教师自己的测评结果3.因为别的老师给的成绩高，如果不跟着给高分，学生出去找工作会吃亏lecture解决方案1.应从小灌输正确的学习观念，不应因一次小失利而丧失信心2.教师的评测可以改在学期结束前进行，这样学生的成绩就不会影响到评测结果3.企业在选拔人才时可以看学生在班级中的排名而不是单纯的成绩例文：Thespeakerchallengesthereasoningthatsupportsthecurrentinflationincollegegradingsystem,andprovidesveryspecificalternativestoteacherevaluationtimingandemployermethodologyinjudgingastudent.Thespeakerfirstarguesthattheinflatedgradeswillnotenablestudentstotrulyknowtheirweakness,nottomentionimproveuponthem.Accordingtothereading,lowgradeswilldiscouragestudents.Thespeakerrebutsthispointandarguesthatthetruemeaningofeducationisnotjusttosatisfystudents.Lettingthestudentsmakeprogressisthepurposeandinflatedgradeswillnothelpstudentsinthisway.Asforthereading'sconcernsthatlowgradeswilladverselyaffectteachers'evaluation,thespeakeroffersasolution.Byfinishingtheteachers'evaluationbeforetheendofthesemester,wecansevertheconnectionsbetweenthestudents'gradesandteachers'evaluations.Lastly,thespeakerarguesthattheschool