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Module4Seeingthedoctor现在完成时(三)1．—Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?你像这样有多长时间了？—SinceFriday.I'vebeenillforaboutthreedays!自从周五。我已经病了大概三天了！2．Ihaven'tdonemuchexercisesinceIgotmycomputerlastyear.自从去年我有了电脑以来，我就没怎么锻炼过。3．Wehaveplayedfootballforayearnow.现在我们踢了一年的足球。.1．如果要表达某一行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在，则要用现在完成时态。这时，句子通常要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，这类状语通常由for或since来引导。需要注意的是，for后面接一段时间，而since后面接时间点或过去时态的句子，即for用来说明动作延续的时间长度，since用来说明动作的起始时间。例如：IhavelivedinHebeifortenyears.我在河北已经住了十年。Hehasbeeninthisschoolsince2010.自从2010年起，他就在这所学校了。MysisterhaslearntEnglishsinceshewasfour.我姐姐从4岁起就开始学英语。2．如果要对现在完成时态句子中的时间状语进行提问，通常要用howlong。例如：—HowlonghaveyoustudiedEnglish?你学英语学了多长时间了？—Forfouryears.四年了。—Howlonghashetaughthere?他在这儿教书多长时间了？—Sincefiveyearsago.自从五年前。3．在现在完成时态的句子中，短暂性动词一般不能与时间段连用，但在否定句中，则一般可以和表示一段时间的for短语连用。例如：Ihavestayedinthehotelforaweek.我已经在这家宾馆待了一周了。Myparentshaven'tseenmefortwoyears.我父母有两年没见我了。Hehasn'tcometoschoolforaweek.他一周没来上学了。[注意]短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，但如果要保留表示一段时间的时间状语，必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词。常见的短暂性动词转换为延续性动词如下：(1)fallasleep→beasleep(2)begin/start→beon(3)buy→have(4)die→bedead(5)come→bein(6)arrive→behere(7)join→bein/beamemberof(8)finish/end→beover(9)leave→beaway(10)borrow→keep(11)begintostudy→study(12)comeback→beback4．现在完成时态还经常用于“It'sthefirst/second…timethat…”结构中。例如：It'sthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedhere.这是我第一次参观这里。It'sthethirdtimethatyouhaveseenthefilmwithme.这是你第三次和我一起看电影。Ⅰ.单项填空()1.—Lookatthesestamps.I________themforfiveyears.—Wow,theyarewonderful.A．keptB．havekeptC．haveboughtD．bought()2.2016·宜宾It'salreadytensofyears________theworld'spopulationreachedfivebillion.A．beforeB．afterC．sinceD．for()3.OurforeignteacherMrGreen________usEnglishsincethreeyearsago.A．hastaughtB．isteachingC．taughtD．teaches()4.2017·扬州—Youhaveanicecar.—Thankyou.I________itforlessthanonemonth.A．boughtB．haveboughtC．hadD．havehad()5.RickhaslearnedalotaboutChineseculture________hecametoChina.A．beforeB．whenC．untilD．since()6.—________haveyoulearnedChinese?—For3years.A．HowoftenB．HowmuchC．HowlongD．Howsoon()7.2017·宿迁Mygrandparents________forover60yearsandtheyloveeachotherverymuch.A．havebeenmarriedB．gotmarriedC．weremarriedD．havegotmarried()8.2017·凉山—LastnightIwenttoaconcertofChinesefolkmusic.ErquanYingyuewassosadbutbeautifulthatIsensedastrongsadnessandpainunderthebeauty.—Soitwas.Themusicianwhoplayeditlastnight________toplaytheerhusincehe________veryyoung.A．learned;wasB．haslearned;amC．haslearned;wasD．learned;hasbeen()9.2017·西宁Hisgrandmother________for6years.Andhestillmissesherverymuch.A．diedB．hasdiedC．hasbeendeadD．hasbeendied()10.2016·济南—DoesJimmystillworkasadriver?—No.Hehas________fortwoyears.A．leftthecompanyB．gonetoShanghaiC．studiedincollegeD．losthisjob()11.2016·威海—Isthatanewcoat?—No,I________itforalongtime.A．boughtB．haveboughtC．havehad()12.2017·达州—Where'syourbrother?—Oh,he________thelibraryand________.A．hasbeento;soLucyisB．hasgoneto;soLucyhasC．hasgoneto;sohasLucyD．hasbeenin;sohasLucy()13.—When________you________thenewbike?—I________itfor2days.A．did;have;boughtB．did;buy;havehadC．did;buy;havebought()14.2017·江西SincewebegantousetheInternet,ourlives________alot.A．changeB．hadchangedC．willchangeD．havechanged()15.2017·邵阳—Whereisyourfather,Bruce?—He________Shanghai.He'llbebackin3days.A．hasbeentoB．hasgonetoC．wenttoD．willgoⅡ.用for或since填空1．Shehasworkedhere________2014.2．Wehaveknowneachother________sixyears.3．Hehaslearntabout1，000Englishwords________hewenttocollege.4．Ihaveknownhim________twoyearsago.5．Shehasbeenaway________aboutfouryears.6.________then,Ihaveneverhadanyfish.7．IhavestudiedEnglish________2009.8．MrBrownhasbeeninShanghai________abouttwoweeks.9．It'sthreeyears________theoldmandied.10．Thefilmhasbeenon________15minutes.Wearelate.Ⅲ.根据汉语意思完成句子1．自从政府建立了这个自然公园，许多动物都在这里生活得很安宁。Manyanimals________________hereinpeace________thegovernment________upthenaturepark.2．我们学习英语至少有四年了。We________________English________atleastfouryears.3．自从毕业后她一直在从事护士工作。She________________asanurse________hergraduation.4．2017·兰州她参军已经快十年了。She________________inthearmyforalmost10years.5．他买这辆红色小汽车两年了。He________________theredcarfortwoyears.详解详析【实战演练】Ⅰ.1.B2.C3.A4.D5．D考查连词的用法。句意：________他来到中国，Rick已经学了许多中国文化。before意为“在……之前”；when意为“当……的时候”；until意为“直到”；since意为“自从”。since引导过去时态的时间状语从句时，其主句用现在完成时。故选D。6．C由答语“For3years.”可知，上句是问“多长时间”，故选C。7．A8.C9.C10.C11.C12.C13．B14.D15.BⅡ.1.since2.for3.since4.since5.for6.Since7.since8.for9．since10.forⅢ.1.havelived;since;set2．havestudied/learned/learnt;for3．hasworked;since4．hasbeen5．hashad