the-telephone

Unite6TheTelephoneChloe&EvaBackgroundInformationTheauthor——AnwarF.AccawiLebanonMagdalunaAuthor—AnwarF.Accawi---WhenthecivilwarbrokeoutinLebanon,AnwarF.AccawiandhiswifewereforcedtoleavethecountryandeventuallymovedtoTennessee,andlatersettleddownintheStates.---Hecurrentlyteachesasafull-timeinstructorattheEnglishLanguageInstituteoftheUniversityofTennessee,Knoxville.HehaslivedandtaughtintheU.S.since1965.---BorninLebanon（黎巴嫩）inafamilywhoseancestorsarebelievedtohavegonetoJerusalem（耶路撒冷）intheCrusades（改革运动）.---WhilehewaslivinginLebanonteachingEnglishasasecondlanguageattheAmericanUniversityinBeruit,hemarriedanAmericanwomanfromTennessee（田纳西州）.Lebanon黎巴嫩TheRepublicofLebanonorLebanonissmall,largelymountainouscountrysituatedattheeasternedgeoftheMediterraneanSea.ThenameLebanonderivesfromtheSemiticlanguageswordLaban,meaningthe“white”peaksoftheLebanonMountains.黎巴嫩共和国，位于亚洲西南部地中海东岸，东北部邻叙利亚，南界巴勒斯坦、以色列，西濒地中海。习惯上称为中东国家。TheLebanesepeoplearetheinhabitantsofthecountryofLebanonandtheirancestors.ThetermmayalsoincludethosewhohadinhabitedMountLebanonandAnti-LebanonmountainspriortothecreationofthemodernLebanesestate.TheculturalandlinguisticheritageoftheLebanesepeopleisablendofbothindigenouselementsandtheforeignculturesthathavecometorulethelandanditspeopleoverthecourseofthousandsofyears.LebanesepeopleLocationMiddleEast，borderingtheMediterraneanSea,betweenIsraelandSyriaEthnicdivisionsArab95％,Armenian4％,other1％.LanguagesArabic（official）,French（official）,Armenian,EnglishReligionsIslam70％,Christian30％,JudaismIndependence22November1943（fromLeagueofNationsmandateunderFrenchadministration）.Lebanon黎巴嫩Magdaluna马格达路娜(para.1)AsmallvillageintheeastofSidonthatliesintheLebanonMountains.IntermarriageamongcousinsinArabcountries近亲结婚(para.1)Thepracticehascomedownfromancienttimes,whentheArabsweremostlynomadicherdsmen(游牧名族).Theyhadfewoptiontochoosetheirspouses.Today,thisintermarriageisstillverycommonbecauseofeconomicconsiderations.Forpoor,intermarriageavoidsthetroubleofexchangingthedowries;(嫁妆)Forrich,theydon’thavetoworryabouttheirpropertygrabbedbyotherpeople.Communion领圣餐:Communion(para.14)ThetermcommunionisappliedtosharingintheEucharistbypartakingoftheconsecratedbreadandwine,anactionseenasenteringintoaparticularlycloserelationshipwithChrist.Sometimesthetermisappliednotonlytothispartakingbuttothewholeoftheriteortotheconsecratedelements.ItreferstothecerebrationoftheLord’ssupperintheChristianChurch.InthisreligiousceremonybelieverseatbreadanddrinkwineassignsofChrist’sbodyandblood.AmemorialritetocommunicatewithLord.Communion(para.14)Arabwomenweargarmentsthatcovertheirfacesorheads.Thisisakindofreligiouspractices,ratherthanculturalpractices.Everythingshouldbecoveredexcepthands,faceandfeet.Thisscarfiscalled“TheIslamicheadscarf”or“blackcloak”.Thisrobeiscalled“backrobe”.Beneatharobe,awomanmaybewearingatraditionaldress,casualclothesorbusinesssuit.Beforeinstallingthetelephone,allthevillagelivedapeacefullifewithoutanyelectricmachine.Theyevenhadn’tgottenanycalendarorclock,theykeeptrackoftimeaccordingtochangesofthenature.Theyhadtheirowncalendar.Forexample,theyknewwhattimeitwasbythesuninthesky.Theyrememberedtheyearbywhathappenedinthatyear.Thencametheyearofdrought,Magdalunagotitsowntelephone.TheChangesinMagdalunaTheChangesinMagdalunaSincethenthefaceofthevillaagebegantochange.FirstthecenterofthevillageshiftedfromthehouseofImKaleemtothetelephone.(AbuRaja’sdikkan)Secondittookawayauthor’slucrativebusinessbybeingpaidforrunningtothestoreforsomeadultstobuycigarettesorliquor,ortodeliveramessage.Besides,thevillagebecameaskeletonofitsformerself,desolateandforsaken,likethetombs,aplacetogetawayfrom.Withthehealthy,theyoung,andtheable-bodiedallgone,Magdalunawasnotwhatithadbeen.Thehouse,thestreetsandthestorewerethere,buttheywerenolongeralivewithlaughterandtheloudvoicesofthementalkinglaughing,andarguing.Itbecomeamuchdesertedplacetoescapefrom,likeagraveyardorcemetery.TheChangesinMagdalunaThankyou