美国应对埃博拉病毒病疫情暴发的主要措施与经验

·342·2015430304DISEASESUＲVEILLANCEApril302015Vol.30No.4．jbjc．orgDOI10.3784/[e-mail]2014－09－172014。、、、、。。Ｒ511A1003－9961201504－0342－03MeasuresandExperienceofUSＲesponsetoEbolaVirusDiseaseWANGNanJIAXiao-feng．MedicalInformationInstitutePekingUnionMedicalCollegeChineseAcademyofMedica[e-mail]EbolavirusdiseaseEVDinWestAfricacontinuestoescalate．ThesystemofdiseasepreventionandcontrolinUSiscompletedandeffective．WesummarizedthemajormeasuresandpracticestakenbyUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionandNationalInstitutesofHealthonpreventingEVDincludingdevelopingguidelinesprovidingguidancetothepublicpromotingdrugresearchanddevelopmentandconductinghighqualityinternationalaidstoprovidereferenceforthefurtherimprovementofChina'scommunicablediseasepreventionandcontrolinforeigncountries．KeywordsEbolavirusdiseaseCommunicablediseasepreventionandcontrolCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionNationalInstitutesofHealth2014。20142831518481。88“”2。。CDC。。1CDC、、、。1.1CDC、、。20147292014913CDC//101。、、、。《》《、》2015430304DISEASESUＲVEILLANCEApril302015Vol.30No.4·343·．jbjc．orgDOI10.3784/j．issn.1003－9961.2015.04.02312014CDCTable1SelectedguidelinesofUSCDCforresponsetoEVD1InfectionPreventionandControlＲecommendationsforHospitalizedPatientswithKnownorSuspectedEbolaHemorrhagicFeverinU．S．Hospitals81—2GuidelinesforEvaluationofUSPatientsSuspectedofHavingEbolaVirusDisease81—3SafeManagementofPatientswithEbolaVirusDiseaseEVDinU．S．Hospitals86—4InterimGuidanceforEnvironmentalInfectionControlinHospitalsforEbolaVirus819—5GuidanceforSafeHandlingofHumanＲemainsofEbolaPatientsinU．S．HospitalsandMortuaries825—6CaseDefinitionforEbolaVirusDiseaseEVD947/911InterimGuidanceforEmergencyMedicalServicesEMSSystemsand9－1－1PublicSafetyAnsweringPointsPSAPsforManagementofPatientswithKnownorSuspectedEbolaVirusDiseaseintheUnitedStates826—8/InterimGuidanceforMonitoringandMovementofPersonswithEbolaVirusDiseaseExposure878229/GuidanceonAirMedicalTransportforPatientswithEbolaVirusDisease81491110、InterimGuidanceforSpecimenCollectionTransportTestingandSubmissionforPersonsUnderInvestigationforEbolaVirusDiseaseintheUnitedStates8682611InterimGuidanceＲegardingCompliancewithSelectAgentＲegulationsforLaboratoriesHandlingPatientSpecimensthatareKnownorSuspectedtoContainEbolaVirus98—12HowU．S．ClinicalLaboratoriesCanSafelyManageSpecimensfromPersonsUnderInvestigationforEbolaVirusDisease911—2014EbolaoutbreakInformationandupdatesCDC．、。1.21.2.1、。CDC、、、、、、、、3。CDC。1.2.2CDC3、4。《》InterimGuidanceaboutEbolaVirusInfectionforU．S．CitizensLivingAbroad、《》InterimGuidanceforHumanitarianWorkers、《》AdviceforCollegesUniversitiesandStudentsaboutEbolainWestAfrica、《、》InterimGuidanceaboutEbolaVirusInfectionforAirlineFlightCrewsCleaningPersonnelandCargoPersonnel、32014911。Watch、Alert、Warning。CDC、、·344·2015430304DISEASESUＲVEILLANCEApril302015Vol.30No.4．jbjc．orgDOI10.3784/j．issn.1003－9961.2015.04.023Warning、Alert。CDC5。1.3。NIH。、、。PubMed11212014913“EbolaVaccines”or“Ebolavirus”512261916208012008。ThomsonCortellis30、USAMＲIID5。NIHNIAID2Ⅰ。ZMappNIAIDMapp6。1.4。CDC、、、。2。。。2.1SAＲS、H1N1。《》、《》、《》。。、、。2.2。、、。。。、。、、。1WHO．Ebolavirusdiseaseoutbreak-WestAfrica4September2014EB/OL．2014－09－04．http//．who．int/csr/don/2014_09_04_ebola/en．2WHO．Ebolavirusdiseaseupdate-WestAfrica8August2014EB/OL．2014－08－08．http//．who．int/csr/don/2014_08_08_ebola/en．3CDC．CommunicationＲesourcesEB/OL．http//．cdc．gov/vhf/ebola/resources/index．html．4CDC．VHFInformationforSpecificGroupsEB/OL．2014－09－15．http//．cdc．gov/vhf/abroad/index．html．5CDC．TravelHealthNoticesEB/OL．2014－09－15．http//．cdc．gov/travel/notices．6NIH．Ebola/MarburgＲesearchEB/OL．2014－09－15．http//．niaid．nih．gov/topics/ebolamarburg/research/Pages/default．aspx．