1,。()、()、4。,3。、,,。30,,,FBDB(FixedBedDryBottom,),。,,(1936~1954)、(1952~1965)、Mk4Mk5(1969~2008);,Mk+(,20108);,,,。、。2FBDB2.1Mk1Mk+2.1.1(1936~1954),。准2600mm,,、、。,,。,。。,,。,,。50,。2.1.2(1952~1965),,,2.7~2.8m,(),3.66m,(Sasol)。,,:FBDB,(,200233)30,,,FBDB(),。,;,,。FBDB,,93%,98%。,,,,,,20%。,,,、;、。Mk+,、CH4,,。FBDBMk+:,,,()。。E-mail:fugzh@vip.sina.com▲▲·74·17120121SINO-GLOBALENERGY,,,;,;3,,,;,;,[1]。,13,3,Mk1、Mk2Mk3。3.66m,8m,。2.1.3Mk4Mk5(1969~2008)70,,Mk4。Mk4。Mk4准3862mm,准4144mm,12500mm,4MPa()。,,5,,、,,。Mk4,,6.5×104m3/h()93%,。、,。70,(Secunda)80Mk4,0.8×108m3(),;1985(DGC),25,98.3%。14Mk4,14.5×108m3()(SNG);Mk4,JindalDRI(),,35%~40%22.5×104m3/h(),7Mk4(Mk4-HP40),4MPa(),,2012。Mk4Mk5,5m(4.7m),9×104m3/h(),。,Mk5Mk4,Mk5。,Mk5。2.1.4(Mk+),FBDB———Mk+。,20108。Mk+:(Mk4);6MPa(),,;Mk4,(、,),Mk+。,。:①80、Mk5(),Mk+;②(DGC)30,;③,,,、;④“100”,Mk+。,Mk+、、、、、。:、,;,(、、、),。Mk+6MPa()。,。40×108m3(),Mk4,17%,300,(SNG)10%。,,;,(50%),,。Mk+,·75·1.FBDB3.2,()。,。5(2)[1];3。①:,。,30~50℃。②::C+O2=CO2+406kJ/mol(1)C+1/2O2=CO+123kJ/mol(2)(1)。,。③:,99%,87%,(、)94%。Mk+Mk41。2.250,、,;80,;90,Mk4,FBDB。,FBDB(Mk4)150,、、、。,(2)。33.1:,5~50mm,5mm50mm5%;,;1200℃();(55%);6%(,),40%();50%();55%()。,,。1;3。1Mk+Mk4Mk4Mk+/MPa()4060/m4.15.0/m12.515.7,%100200(),%100120(),%10091(),%10092(),%10085SNGCH4+(H2+CO)/4214,19584,Mk419875,,19915,Mk419932,Mk419983Jindal145403530252015105,%()10152025303540455058,%()Jindal201217·76·SINO-GLOBALENERGYCO2H2O,,950~1300℃:C+H2O=CO+H2-131kJ/mol(3)C+2H2O=CO2+2H2-90kJ/mol(4)CO+H2O=CO2+H2+41kJ/mol(5)C+CO2=2CO-172kJ/mol(6)C+2H2=CH4+75kJ/mol(7)CO+3H2=CH4+H2O+206kJ/mol(8)(3),(7)(6),(4)、(5)(8)。④:,。。⑤:、,。3.33.3.1FBDBFBDB4。5~50mm,,。。,。,(),。,,,。,。(),,,。。300~400℃,,。,,,,,。。,,。,,CO2。,。(CO2),/,。,(CO2、CO、H2CH4),2FBDB3FBDB030060090012001500/℃4FBDB·77·1.FBDB,()、。,,。480~700℃。,。,、、、(H2S、COS)。,。。。3.3.2FBDB、、、。。,。5,,/,Phenosolvan,CLL。,,。,PhenosolvanCLL,。①Phenosolvan:—,,50μg/g,20μg/g,85%,99%,,COD;,,,;,。[2]。②CLL:,50μg/g,COD3000mg/L,;,,,;;。③:,。,,。1600t/h(2×800t/h)、640t/h,。,,100%,3.3.3FBDB。:①,/;②、,;③;④,;⑤、,;⑥,。4,FBDB,,,、。Mk+,、CH4,,。①FBDB,,,、;、。②,,,,。③,,,(5CLL/CO2、H2S、CO2、H2S、HCNFBDBCO201217·78·SINO-GLOBALENERGYLurgiFBDBCoalGasificationTechnologyandLatestAdvancesFuGuozhong,ZhuJicheng(AirLiquideEngineeringServicesAsia(Shanghai)Co.,Ltd,Shanghai200233)[Abstract]Inthe1930s,Germany′sLurgiGroupdevelopedafinecoalfixed-bedpressurizationgasificationtech-nologyandapplieditincoalgasificationprojects.AttheheartofthetechnologyistheFBDBgasifier,bestknownasLurgigasifier.ThecompanyhassofardevelopedfourgenerationsofLurgifurnace.Inaddition,inor-dertomeetrelevantgasandwastewaterdischargeregulations,thecompanyhasdevelopedtailgasandwastewatertreatmenttechniquesforcoalgasification.Lurgi′sFBDBcoalgasificationtechnologyisaprovenprocess.Withoutanyredundantequipment,theannualuptimerateofasinglegasifiercanexceed93%andthatofthegasificationislandisgreaterthan98%.Asitusesfinecoalasthefeedstock,comparedwiththosetechnologiesusingentrainedflowdrypowderandcoalslurry,thistechnologyrequiresasimplercoalprepara-tionsystemandsignificantlylowerinvestmentandoperationcosts.Fortwoprojectsofthesamesize,thepro-jectusinggasificationislandplusairseparatorwillrequireaninvestmentaround20%lowerthanthatre-quiredbytheprojectusingcoalslurrygasificationtechnology.WithLurgitechnology,almostalltypesofcoalexceptcokingcoalwithstrongcohesiveness,frombrowncoaltoanthraciteandincludinginferior-qualitycoalwithhighwaterandashcontents,canbegasified.Thetechnologycanalsobeusedtoproducehigh-valueproductssuchastar,lightoilandphenolasbyproducts.Thenew-generationMK+Lurgigasifiertechnologypackageischaracterizedbyhighyields,lowenergyconsumptionandhighcontentsofinCH4syntheticgasandisenvironmentallyfriendly.Itdoesnotdischargeanywastewater.[Keywords]Lurgigasifier;coalchemical;gasification;finecoalfeedstock;FBDB;Mk+94%),。,(400~700℃),。④,,,50%~70%,。⑤(10%),(SNG)。⑥H2/CO2,,H2/CO2.7,,F-T、、SNG,。⑦,,93%,98%()。,,,,20%。⑧,,,。⑨,(40%,),、、,,。:,Dr.Andreas.Borman,!:[1].[M].:,2003:403,421.[2],.[M].:,2011:155-153.()·79·1.FBDB