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GrammarDirectandindirectspeech妈妈说:”杰克是个好工人“.Mothersaid:”Jackisagoodworker.”妈妈说杰克是个好工人。MothersaidthatJackisagoodworker直接引语：间接引语Directspeech:Indirectspeech:一、如何变人称：口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三不变。•“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：•Shesaid.Mybrotherwantstogoshoppingwithme.”•→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogoshoppingwithher.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：HesaidtoKate.Howisyoursisternow?”→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr.Smithsaid,“Jackisagoodboy.”→Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodboy.二.时态的变化：1.当主句动词为一般现在时或现在完成时一般将来时的时候，从句动词时态不变。1)Sheoftensays,“Allmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.”变为：Sheoftensaysthatallmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.2)“Youdidverywell,”IhavejusttoldTom.变为：IhavejusttoldTomthathedidverywell.Shewillsay,“I'lldoittomorrow.”→Shewillsaythatshe'lldoitthenextday.2.主句谓语动词为一般过去时的时候，从句谓语动词要发生相应的变化。一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时一般将来时一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成进行时过去完成时过去完成进行时过去完成时过去将来时①.一般现在时变一般过去时：•Thegirlsaid,“I'msorryforbeinglateforclass.”•→Thegirlsaidthatshewassorryforbeinglateforclass.②.一般过去时变过去完成时：•Hesaidtome,“Imetyourfather.”•→Hetoldmethathehadmetmyfather.1).时态需要变化的是：③.一般将来时变过去将来时：•Shesaid,“Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”•→Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend.④.现在完成时变过去完成时：•Shesaid.“Ihavelostapen.”•→Shesaidthatshehadlostapen⑤.现在进行时变过去进行时：•Shesaidtome,“I’mstudyingJapanesethesedays.”•→ShetoldmethatshewasstudyingJapanesethosedays.注意：下列情况时态不变。1不变的真理。Theteachersaidtothestudents,”Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelowzero.”改为：Theteachertoldthestudentsthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelowzero.2.有具体的过去年月日：XiaoWangsaid.“IwasbornonApril21,1980.”•→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,19803.经常的习惯。Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.4.历史事件。Theteachersaid,”WorldWarIIendedin1945.”TheteachersaidthatWorldWarIIendedin1945.”5.部分情态动词，如must,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter等。Shesaidtome,”Youmusthurryup.”ShesaidthatImusthurryup.情态动词没有过去时的形式（oughtto,hadbetter,usedto)或已经是过去时的形式时(could,should,would,might)：Petersaid.“Youhadbettercomehavetoday.”→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.Hesaid,“IcouldswimwhenIwasonlysix.”→Hesaidthathecouldswimwhenhewasonlysix.6.过去完成时：Shesaid,“TheyhadleftwhenIarrivedthere.”→Shesaidtheyhadleftwhenshearrivedthere.7.过去进行时：Jacksaid,“John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?”→JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet.8.一般现在时(表示所述事实在当时和目前同样生效)：Hesaid,“I’maboy,notagirl.”→Hesaidthatheisaboy,notagirl.四、如何变句型：①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。Shesaid,Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.“→Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.Hesaid,Canyouswim,John?“→HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim。“Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?”→HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。Sheaskedme,Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?”→Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.Sheaskedme,WhatwasJackdoingwhenIcomein?”→SheaskedmewhatJackwasdoingwhenshecamein.④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“Tell(ask,order,beg等)sb(not)todosth.”句型。如：1.Don'tmakeanynoise,theteachersaidtothestudents.→Shetold(ordered)thestudentsnottomakeanynoise.2.“Openthedoor,please,saidshe.→Sheaskedhimtoopenthedoor.⑤直接引语如果是以“Let's”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动句词（或从句）”如：Hesaid,Let'sgotothemovies.→Hesuggestedgoingtothemovies.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethemovies.•Summary1当直接引语是陈述句：由(that)引导主语（said)that+句子（时态往过去推told2当直接引语是一般疑问句:用if引导whether主语（asked)if+一般疑问句(主谓结构）whether窍门（do/does/did去掉）（be/can/may/must/will/should放主语后）•3.当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，用原来的特殊疑问词引导（what/where等）•主语asked+what特殊疑问句（主谓）•where4当直接引语是祈使句时用句型：主语+toldsb(not)todosthaskedorderedchangethedirectspeechintoreportedspeech•1Thegirlsaid,“Iwillhaveaparty.”•Thegirlsaid(that)shewouldhaveaparty.•2Heaskedme,“Isyourfatheradoctor?”•Heaskedmeif/whethermyfatherwasadoctor.•3Thepoliceaskedtheman,“Whereareyougoing?”•Thepoliceaskedthemanwherehewasgoing.•4MothersaidtoTom,“getupearlier!”•Mothertold/askedTomtogetupearlier.•5Theteachersaidtous,“Don`ttalkinclass!”•Theteachertold/askedusnottotalkinclass.•6Theteachersaid,“Themoongoesaroundtheearth.”•Theteachersaid(that)themoongoesaroundtheearth.记住：指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词this,thesethat,those时间状语nowtodayyesterdaytomorrowthisweeknextweek...thenthatdaythedaybeforethenextdaythatweek...thenextweek地点状语herethere动词comego由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列代词、形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化。直接引语间接引语thisthesenowagotodaytomorrowthat/thisthose/thesethenbeforethatday/today/yesterday(the)nextday直接引语间接引语thedayaftertomorrowyesterdaylastnightthedaybeforeyesterdaygobringhereintwodays’timethedaybeforethenightbeforetwodaysbeforecome/gobring/takethere/here三.代词、形容词、副词、动词的变化。thisthesenowagotodaytomorrowthedayaftertomorrowyesterdaylastnightthedaybeforeyesterdaygobringherethat/thisthose/thesethenbeforethatday/todaythenextdayintwodays’timethedaybeforethenightbeforetwodaysbeforecome/gobring/takethere/here指示代词变化1).this---that•Hesaid,“Iwantthis.”→Hesaidthathewantedthat.2).these---those•Hesaid,Thesebooksaremine.→Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.△(如果转述发生在当