1.log5b=2,化为指数式是()A.5b=2B.b5=2C.52=bD.b2=5答案:C2.在b=log(a-2)(5-a)中,实数a的取值范围是()A.a5或a2B.2a3或3a5C.2a5D.3a4解析:要使式子b=log(a-2)(5-a)有意义则a-20a-2≠15-a0即2a3或3a5.答案:B3.下列结论正确的是()①lg(lg10)=0②lg(lne)=0③若10=lgx则x=10④若e=lnx,则x=e2A.①③B.②④C.①②D.③④解析:∵lg10=1,∴lg(lg10)=0,故①正确;∵lne=1,∴lg(lne)=0,故②正确;∵10=lgx,∴x=1010,故③不正确;∵e=lnx,∴x=ee,故④也不正确;答案:C4.若log31-2x9=0,则x=________.解析:∵log31-2x9=0,∴1-2x9=1,1-2x=9.∴-2x=8.x=-4.答案:-45.若a0,a2=49,则log23a=________.解析:∵a0,且a2=49,∴a=23.∴log2323=1.答案:16.将下列指数式化为对数式,对数式化为指数式:(1)πx=8;(2)logx64=-6;(3)lg1000=3.解:(1)由πx=8,得x=logπ8;(2)由logx64=-6,得x-6=64;(3)由lg1000=3,得103=1000.j一、选择题1.已知logx8=3,则x的值为()A.12B.2C.3D.4解析:由logx8=3,得x3=8,∴x=2.答案:B2.方程2log3x=14的解是()A.9B.33C.3D.19解析:∵2log3x=14=2-2.∴log3x=-2.∴x=3-2=19.答案:D3.若logx7y=z则()A.y7=xzB.y=x7zC.y=7xD.y=z7x解析:由logx7y=z得:xz=7y,y=x7z.答案:B4.log5[log3(log2x)]=0,则x12等于()A.36B.39C.24D.23解析:∵log5[log3(log2x)]=0,∴log3(log2x)=1,∴log2x=3.∴x=23=8.∴x12=812=18=122=24.答案:C二、填空题5.log6[log4(log381)]=________.解析:设log381=x,则3x=81=34,∴x=4,∴原式=log6[log44]=log61=0.答案:06.log23278=________.解析:设log23278=x,则(23)x=278=(23)-3,∴x=-3.∴log23278=-3.答案:-37.已知函数f(x)=3x,x≤1-x,x>1,若f(x)=2,则x=________.解析:由x≤13x=2⇒x=log32,x1-x=2⇒x=-2无解.答案:log328.若loga2=m,loga3=n,则a2m+n=________.解析:∵loga2=m,∴am=2,∴a2m=4,又∵loga3=n,∴an=3,∴a2m+n=a2m·an=4×3=12.答案:12三、解答题9.求下列各式中x.(1)log2x=-23;(2)log5(log2x)=0.解:(1)x=223=(12)23(2)log2x=1,x=2.10.已知二次函数f(x)=(lga)x2+2x+4lga的最大值为3,求a的值.解:原函数式可化为f(x)=lga(x+1lga)2-1lga+4lga.∵f(x)有最大值3,∴lga0,且-1lga+4lga=3,整理得4(lga)2-3lga-1=0,解之得lga=1或lga=-14.又∵lga0,∴lga=-14.∴a=1014.1.若a0,且a≠1,x∈R,y∈R,且xy0,则下列各式不恒成立的是()①logax2=2logax;②logax2=2loga|x|;③loga(xy)=logax+logay;④loga(xy)=loga|x|+loga|y|.A.②④B.①③C.①④D.②③解析:∵xy0.∴①中若x0则不成立;③中若x0,y0也不成立.答案:B2.计算log916·log881的值为()A.18B.118C.83D.38解析:log916·log881=lg16lg9·lg81lg8=4lg22lg3×4lg33lg2=83.答案:C3.已知lg2=a,lg3=b,则log36=()A.a+baB.a+bbC.aa+bD.ba+b解析:log36=lg6lg3=lg2+lg3lg3=a+bb.答案:B4.已知log23=a,3b=7,则log1256=________.解析:∵3b=7,∴b=log37,∴log1256=log356log312=log37×8log34×3=log37+3log322log32+1又∵log23=a,∴log32=1a.原式=b+3a2a+1=ab+3a2+aa=ab+3a+2.答案:ab+3a+25.若lgx-lgy=a,则lg(x2)3-lg(y2)3=________.解析:∵lgx-lgy=a,∴lg(x2)3-lg(y2)3=3(lgx2-lgy2)=3(lgx-lgy)=3a.答案:3a6.计算下列各式的值.(1)log2748+log212-12log242;(2)log225·log34·log59.解:(1)原式=log27×1248×42=log212=-12.(2)原式=log252·log322·log532=8log2·5log32·log53=8lg5lg2·lg2lg3·lg3lg5=8.一、选择题1.lg8+3lg5的值为()A.-3B.-1C.1D.3解析:lg8+3lg5=3lg2+3lg5=3(lg2+lg5)=3lg10=3.答案:D2.若log34·log8m=log416,则m等于()A.3B.9C.18D.27解析:原式可化为:log8m=2log34∴13log2m=2log43,∴m13=3.m=27.答案:D3.已知a=log32,用a来表示log38-2log36()A.a-2B.5a-2C.3a-(1+a)2D.3a-a2-1解析:log38-2log36=3log32-2(log32+log33)=3a-2(a+1)=a-2.答案:A4.已知方程x2+xlog26+log23=0的两根为α、β,则(14)α·(14)β=()A.136B.36C.-6D.6解析:由题意知:α+β=-log26,(14)α·(14)β=(14)α+β=(14)-log26=4log26=22log26=36.答案:B二、填空题5.2(lg2)2+lg2·lg5+lg22-lg2+1=________.解析:原式=2(lg2)2+lg2·lg5+1-lg2=2(lg2)2+lg2(lg5-1)+1=2(lg2)2-2(lg2)2+1=1.答案:16.设g(x)=ex,x≤0lnx,x0,则g(g(12))=________.解析:∵120,∴g(12)=ln12.而g(g(12))=g(ln12)=e1ln2=12.答案:127.方程log3(x-1)=log9(x+5)的解是________.解析:由题意知x-10,x+50,x-12=x+5,解之得x=4.答案:x=48.已知x3=3,则3log3x-logx23=________.解析:3log3x=log3x3=log33=1,而logx23=logx3332=log3332=32,∴3log3x-logx23=1-32=-12.答案:-12三、解答题9.计算下列各式的值:(1)log34log98;(2)lg2+lg50+31-log92;(3)221log4+(169)12+lg20-lg2-(log32)·(log23)+(2-1)lg1.解:(1)原式=log322log923=2log3232log32=43.(2)原式=lg2+lg1002+3×323log2=lg2+(2-lg2)+3×3-12log32231log2=2+3×3123log2=2+3×2-12=2+322.(3)原式=14+[(43)2]-12+lg202-lg2lg3·lg3lg2+1=14+(43)-1+lg10-1+1=2.10.设3x=4y=36,求2x+1y的值.解:由已知分别求出x和y,∵3x=36,4y=36,∴x=log336,y=log436,由换底公式得:x=log3636log363=1log363,y=log3636log364=1log364,∴1x=log363,1y=log364,∴2x+1y=2log363+log364=log36(32×4)=log3636=1.1.函数f(x)=3x21-2x+lg(2x+1)的定义域是()A.(-12,+∞)B.(-12,1)C.(-12,12)D.(-∞,-12)解析:由1-2x02x+10得-12x12.答案:C2.函数y=logax的图像如图所示,则实数a的可能取值是()A.5B.15C.1eD.12解析:∵函数y=logax的图像一致上升,∴函数y=logax为单调增函数,∴a1.答案:A3.设a=log123,b=(13)0.3,c=213,则a,b,c的大小关系是()A.abcB.cbaC.cabD.bac解析:∵a=log123log121=0,0b=(13)0.3(13)0=1,c=21320=1.∴abc.答案:A4.已知函数f(x)=log2x,x0,3x,x≤0,则f(f(14))=________.解析:f(14)=log214=-2.f(f(14))=f(-2)=3-2=19.答案:195.已知log0.6(x+2)log0.6(1-x),则实数x的取值范围是________.解析:∵函数y=log0.6x为减函数,∴结合定义域可得x+201-x0x+21-x得x-2x1x-12∴-2x-12.答案:(-2,-12)6.已知函数y=loga(x+b)的图像如图所示,求实数a与b的值.解:由图像可知,函数的图像过点(-3,0)和(0,2),∴logab-3=0logab=2,解之得b=4,a=2.一、选择题1.已知函数f(x)=11-x的定义域为M,g(x)=ln(1+x)的定义域为N,则M∩N等于()A.{x|x-1}B.{x|x1}C.{x|-1x1}D.∅解析:由题意得M={x|x1},N={x|x-1},则M∩N={x|-1x1}.答案:C2.函数f(x)=log2(3x+3-x)是()A.奇函数B.偶函数C.既是奇函数又是偶函数D.不是奇函数又不是偶函数解析:∵3x+3-x0恒成立.∴f(x)的定义域为R.又∵f(-x)=log2(3-x+3x)=f(x).∴f(x)为偶函数.答案:B3.如图是三个对数函数的图像,则a、b、c的大小关系是()A.abcB.cbaC.cabD.acb解析:由图可知a1,而0b1,0c1,取y=1,则可知cb.∴acb.答案:D4.已知函数f(x)=|lgx|.若a≠b,且f(a)=f(b),则a+b的取值范围是()A.(1,+∞)B.[1,+∞)C.(2,+∞)D.[2,+∞)解析:f(x)=|lgx|的图像如图所示,由题可设0a1,b1,∴|lga|=-lga,|lgb|=lgb,∴-lga=lgb.即1a=b,∴a+b=a+1a(0a1).又∵函数y=x+1x(0x1)为减函数,∴a+1a2.答案:C二、填空题5.对数函数的图像过点(16,4),则此函数的解析式为________.解析:设f(x)=logax(a0且a≠1),则loga16=4.