虚拟语气用法归纳

虚拟语气用法归纳英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。一、虚拟条件句条件句有两类：一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语用陈述语气。Ifyoudon’tworkhard,youwillfail.Ifitisfinetomorrow,wewillgoforapicnic.如果假设的情况过去、现在、将来都不存在，则为虚拟语气虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表：条件从句的谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与过去事实相反的假设haddonewould/could/might/shouldhavedone与现在事实相反的假设过去时(was→were)would/could/might/shoulddo与将来事实相反的假设过去时(was→were);shoulddo;weretodowould/could/might/shoulddo1.与现在事实相反的虚拟Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?IfIwereyou,Iwouldseizethechancetogoabroad.IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.2.与过去事实相反的虚拟Ifyouhadbeenhereyesterday,youwouldhaveseenher.Ifhehaddrivenmorecarefully,hewouldnothavehadthecaraccidentyesterday.3.与将来事实相反的虚拟Ifitweretorain/shouldrain/rainedtomorrow,ourplanwouldbeputoff.Ifweweretopicnic,wewouldnotbeabletohelp.二、错综、混合虚拟语气通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。1.IfIhadseenyou,Iwouldnotbesoworriednow.(从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)2.Ifyouhadnotwatchedtelevisionsolatelastnight,youwouldnotbesosleepynow.(从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)3.Hadyoufollowedthedoctor’ssuggestion,youwouldbefinenow.(从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)4.IfIhadmadesomemoneylastsummer,Iwouldgoonholidaynextmonth.(从句是对过去的假设，主句是对将来的假设)5.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwehaddriveninturns,youwouldn’tbesotirednow.(从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)6.IfIwereyourmother,Iwouldletyougooutthisweekend.(从句是对现在的假设，主句是对将来的假设)三、含蓄虚拟语气虚拟语气中的“含蓄之美”指的是含蓄虚拟语气。因为有时假设的情况并不是以if引导的条件从句形式出现，而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在，常用的词语有with,without,butfor,otherwise,or，even,incaseof,whatif(如果…将如何)等等，这种句子往往有主句而无从句(考试时多数情况是对过去的假设)。Butforyourencouragement,Iwouldnothavebeenadmittedtothisuniversity.（过去）Withoutwater,allliveswoulddie.（现在）Hefelttootiredyesterday,orhewouldhaveattendedmyparty.（过去）Iwashavingameeting,otherwiseIwouldhavecometoseeyouoff.（过去）四、虚名词性从句的虚拟语气含有should+V的用法，这一部分主要是有关建议和命令的相关从句，包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句以及以之相关的形式主语宾语之类的从句。记忆口诀：一个坚持(insist)，两个命令(order,command)，三个建议(suggest,advise,recommend)，四个要求(ask,require,demand,request)。1.宾语从句的虚拟语气Heinsistedthatthemeetingbeputoff.Thegeneralordered(that)allthesoldiers(should)leave.Hegivesordersthatthesoldiers(should)leave.2.表语从句的虚拟语气Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)stayhereforarest.3.同位语从句的虚拟语气Thereisnosuggestionthatshe(should)resign.4.主语从句的虚拟语气主要体现在It做形式主语的三种情况：It’s+p.p+that；It’s+adj.+that；It’s+n.+that常用的动词recommand,demand,desire,order,request,require,suggest,command常用的形容词important,necessary,right,advisable,natural,strange,surprising,regretful,urgent,vital,insistent,essential常用的名词duty,pity,nosurpise,nowonder,shame,regret其实这些词在句子中其实也有建议命令类似的的意思It’simportantthatyoushouldtakethemedicine.It’sapitythatyoushouldrefusetheinvitation.It’sessentialthatweshouldlearnsomeknowledgeaboutfistaid.It’sdemandedthatallthestudentsshouldgototheplayground.Itwassuggestedthatheshouldjointheclubactivities.5.It为形式宾语的情况实际上是上面形式主语的一种变形，是以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句，it后面的宾语补足语多为形容词或名词，常见词就是上面形式主语后面的那些词。Iconsideritvitalthathe(should)thinkdeeplybeforeacting.Wethinkitnecessarythatthemeeting(should)beputoff.6.某些词语如suggest,insist等有双重含义，所以在使用的时候要注意什么时候用虚拟语气，什么时候不用虚拟语气。Hersmilesuggestedthatshewasinfavoroftheplan.Weinsistedthatwhattheboydidwaswrong.五．虚拟语气在特殊句式中的运用，主要有两种情况：I.wouldrather,It’stime…,forfearthat…wouldrather在使用时要注意它的不同用法。因为本身wouldrather可以直接接动词原形，构成wouldratherdosth.(thandosth.else);或者woulddosth.ratherthandosth.else.而虚拟语气的wouldrather是这样使用的wouldrathersb.did(对现在或将来的假设)/haddone(对过去的假设)Iwouldratherhedidn’tgonow.Theywouldrathertheyhadn’tattendedtheparty.It’s(about)(high)time(that)…从句中常用过去式(有时也用shoulddo),含建议的意思。汉语的意思为“是该做…的时候了”，也等于It’stimeforsb.todosth.It’shightime(that)wewenthome.It’shightimethatwe(should)gohome.It’shightimeforustogohome.forfearthat后面可以接虚拟语气shoulddo，也可以接其他语气，但依然会有一个情态动词。IwillnotmakeanoiseforfearthatIshould/mightdisturdyou.II.wish+clause;asif/though+clause;Ifonly这三种情况的虚拟语气有点相似。wish后的宾语从句，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式主要有三种wishsb.did(对现在的虚拟);wishsb.haddone(对过去的虚拟);wishsb.woulddo(对将来的虚拟).偶尔在对过去的虚拟时，也会出现wishsb.wouldhavedone的情况。IwishIknewwhatwasgoingtohappen.Shewishedshehadstayedathome.IwishIwouldhaveseenherlastnight.★此时要注意表示语气很强时用Howsb.Wish+clause,其用法同上。如果要用was依然换成were.HowIwishIwereabird.asif/though出现的虚拟语气主要有两种情况：主句+asif/though引导的状语从句；seem/look/smell+asif/though引导的表语从句。主句+asif/though引导的状语从句：主句+asif/though+主语+did/were(对现在的假设)；主句+asif/though+主语+could/woulddo(对将来的假设)；主句+asif/though+主语+haddone(对过去的假设)seem/look/smell等的从句情况基本上和上面一致。Shetalksasifshekneweverything.Hebehavedasifnothinghadhappened.注意不需要用虚拟语气的情况Ifonly引起的感叹句要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。形式为：用过去式或者would/coulddo,表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望；用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反的愿望。Ifonlyhewerehere!Ifonlyyouwouldlistentoouradvise!IfonlyIhadnotbeenbusylastweek!★Ifonly也可以用于虚拟条件从句中，如：IfonlyIhadmoremoney,Icouldbuyacar!六、虚拟语气测试题I．用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Ifyou__________________(follow)thedoctor,you_________________(be)allrightnow.2.Ifwe___________________(drive)thecarbyturns,you________(notbe)sotirednow.3.IfI______(be)you,I_________________(notmiss)thatopportunity.4.Ifthey___________________(start)intheearlymorning,they____________(arrive)soon5.Ifyou___________________(take)anumbrella,you_________________(n