Unit-4-The-No-child-Family：-Going-Against-100-000-

Unit4TheNo-childFamily：GoingAgainst100,000YearsofBiologyIntroductiontotheTextWiththecontinuedadvancementofsociety,manytraditionalideaswhichhavebeentakenforgrantedarebeingchallengednow.Justthreeorfourdecadesago,itwasneverheardofthatmarriedcoupleswouldnothaveachild,unlesstheycouldnot.Thingsaretotallydifferentnow.Moreandmoremarriedcouplestendtoremainchildless.“Whatliesbehindthisdecisionwhichseemstoflyinthefaceofbiologyandsociety?”Thereasonsarevarious.Inthistext,theauthorhaselaboratedsomereasonsgivenbyanumberofspecialistsinthefieldofhumanbehavior.IntroductiontotheTextGenerally,theyfallintotwocategories.Oneisthatsomewomenareawareofthedangersofoverpopulation,crowding,pollutionandnuclearwar,whichmakesthemfeelreluctanttobearchildren.Theotheristhatthosewhowanttoremainchildlessarenarcissistic-theyhavebeenusedtobeingcaredfor.Theyaremoreconcernedabouttheirownfutureanddon’twanttoworryaboutthefutureofchildreninaworldfullofproblems.Toconclude,theauthorthinksthatitdoesnotmatterwhetheronechoosestohavechildrenornot.Whatmattersisthatoneiscomfortableaboutwhatheorshedoes.Par.1startafamily(line3)haveorbearachildPar.2Arecentsurveyshowedthatinthelastfiveyearsthepercentageofwivesaged25to29whodidnotwantchildrenhadalmostdoubledandamongthose18to24ithadalmosttripled.(lines2-5)Arecentsurveyshowedthatinthepastfiveyearsthewivesbetweentheagesof25and29whodidnotwanttohavechildrenhadincreasedbyalmosttwotimesandthosebetweentheagesof18and24whodidnotwantchildrenhadgrownbyalmostthreetimes.Par.2Whatliesbehindthisdecisionwhichseemstoflyinthefaceofbiologyandsociety?(lines5-6)Whatistherealreasonforsuchadecisionwhichseemstogoagainstbiologyandsocialdevelopment?liebehind:bethecauseofe.g.Whatliesbehindtheoldman’sdeterminationtolearnEnglish?Theparentsaretryingtofindoutwhatliesbehindthechild’stellingliesagainandagain.flyinthefaceof:goagainst;beoppositetowhatmostpeoplewouldexpecte.g.Doingthismeansthatyou’reflyinginthefaceofthelocalauthority.Youcan’tflyinthefaceofgoodbusinessrulesandexpecttobesuccessful.Par.3PerhapsthemostpubliclyoutspokenchildlesscoupleareEllenPeck...andherhusbandWilliam...(lines1-2)MaybeEllenPeckandherhusbandWilliam,achildlesscouple,expresstheiropinionsmoreopenlyinpublicthananyotherchildlesscouple.ThePecks(line4)WilliamPeckandEllenPeckPar.4Ourgrandchildrenmayhavetobuyticketstoseethelastredwoodsorlineuptogettheiroxygenration.(lines5-7)Ourgrandchildrenmayhavetopayforticketstoseethelastredwoodsorstandinalinetoobtaintheirlimitedamountofoxygen.Thisimpliesthatthecontinuityoflifeonearthisthreatenedandthequalityoflifeisbecomingworse.lineup:beinaline;getintoalinee.g.Thesoldiersquicklylinedup.Thepolicemanlinedupthesuspects.Par.4...butcan’tmaketheassociationbetweenthechildrenandthetrafficjam.(lines8-9)...butcan’tseethecausalrelationshipbetweenthechildrenandthetrafficjam.Toomanychildrenarebornasaresultofculturalcoercion.(lines12-13)Toomanychildrenarebornbecauseofsocialpressure.Culturalcoercionreferstosociallyacceptedideas,beliefsandcustomsthatmarriedcouplesshouldhavechildren.Andtheresultsshowupinthestatisticsondivorceandchild-abuse.(lines13-14)Andtheresultsofhavingchildrenbecauseofsocialexpectationsratherthanpersonaldesireareshownclearlyinthenumberofdivorcesandthefrequencyofchild-abuse.Par.5Everyfriend,relativeandbusinessassociateispressuringyoutohavekids‘andfindoutwhatyou’remissing.’(lines1-2)Allyourfriends,relativesandcolleaguesaretryinghardtopersuadeyoutohavechildrensothatyoucanrealizewhatyouaremissing.Everyisadeterminerusedwhenreferringtoallthemembersofagroupofthreeormore.Toomanypeoplediscovertoolatethatwhattheyweremissingwassomethingtheyweretotallyunsuitedfor.(lines2-4)Toolate,manypeoplefindoutthatwhattheydidn’thavewassomethingthatwasreallynotsuitableforthematall.Par.6Fromthefirstdolltosoapoperastococktailparties,thepressureisalwaystheretobeparents.(lines1-2)Fromthetimechildrenbegintoplaywiththeirfirstdoll,tothetimetheywatchtelevisiondramasorchatatcocktailparties,thereisalwayspressureonthemtohavechildren.Par.7Menoftendriftintofatherhoodwithoutevermakingadeliberatechoice.(lines2-3)Menoftenbecomefatherswithoutcarefulconsiderationandmentalpreparation.Formanywomenpregnancycanbeawaytoescapefromunresolvedconflicts,toachieveinstantidentityorstrengthenapoorselfimage,togratifyaneedfortheattentionandaffectiontheyfeeltheyneverhadaschildren.(lines3-7)Manywomenregardbeingpregnantasameanstoavoidunsolvedconflicts,toachieveimmediaterecognitionoftheirstatusorimprovetheirselfimages,tosatisfytheirneedfortheattentionandlovetheyfeeltheyneverhadwhentheywerechildren.Par.8familytherapist(line3)someonespecializingingivingcounselonfamilyproblems...implyingthatsomethingliketheherdinstinctinanimalswasoperatingasaresponsetothedangersofoverpopulation,crowding,pollutionandnuclearwar,causingwomentofeelareluctancetoreproduceandleadingthemtoseeknewwaysofrealizingthemselvesoutsideoffamilylife.(lines5-9)...suggestingthatsomethingliketheanimalinstinctoffollowingtheherdwasfunctioningasareactiontothedangersoftoolargeapopulation,crowding,pollu