基于FPGA楼道声控灯设计

IEDA课程设计项目名称基于FPGA楼道声控灯设计专业班级通信074学生姓名你个指导教师大力会学号20101320232013年5月17日通信101，王奇（基于FPGA楼道声控灯设计）摘要社会的进一步发展各式各样的灯层出不穷为了防止公物损坏节约用电设计了各种控制灯例如公共场所和居民居住区的公共楼道普遍使用机械手动开关,由于各种原因往往出现许多灯泡点亮长明的现象,故使灯泡寿命短,浪费电量,为国家、单位、个人造成经济损失。能自动开关显得相当有必要。使公共场所和居民居住区的公共楼道灯在白天时不所以制作了基于FPGA声控灯。关键词：FPGA声控开关控制省电通信101，王奇（基于FPGA楼道声控灯设计）ABSTRACTForthefurtherdevelopmentofawidevarietyoflightafteranother,inordertopreventdamagetopublicproperty,savingelectricity,hasdesignedvariouscontrollights,suchaspublicplacesandthosewhoarelivinginthepubliccorridorwidespreaduseofmechanicalmanualswitch,forvariousreasonsareoftenthereweremanylightbulbslitChangmingphenomenon,itistomakelamplifeisshort,awasteofelectricityforthecountry,unitsandindividualscausingeconomiclosses.Inaddition,duetofrequentswitching,orotherman-madefactors,thefailurerateofahighwallswitch,bothincreasingtheamountofmaintenance,wasteoffunds,butalsoeasilyleadtoaccidents.Therefore,thecircuitdesignanddevelopmentofanovel,safeenergy-saving,simplestructure,easytoinstallvoice-activatedenergy-savingautomaticswitchcorridorlightsappearedtobequitenecessary.TomakepublicplacesandthosewhoarelivinginthepubliccorridorlightsduringthedaywithoutlightatnightfromWenSheng-liang,treatpeopleleft,tensofsecondsautomaticallyshutdown,whichisconvenient,butalsoenergysaving.Thefollowingintroducestheprincipleofvoice-activatedswitch.Keywords:CircuitbordVoice-activatedswitchContro1Power通信101，王奇（基于FPGA楼道声控灯设计）摘要.............................................................................................................................................IIABSTRACT......................................................................................................................................3第1章声控灯工作原理...............................................................................................................5第2章声控灯的制作...................................................................................................................62.1设计方法..........................................................................................................................62.1.1直流供电电路.....................................................................................................62.1.2控制电路控制电路.............................................................................................62.1.3延时电路................................................................................................................72.2元器件的介绍..................................................................................................................72.2.1光敏电阻.............................................................................................................72.2.2驻极体话筒.........................................................................................................72.2.3NPN三极管..........................................................................................................92.2.4可控硅...............................................................................................................102.2.5cd4011...............................................................................................................102.2.6555定时器........................................................................................................11第3章软件介绍及设计过程.....................................................................................................123.1QuartusII简介..............................................................................................................123.2设计过程........................................................................................................................123.2.1编写程序代码...................................................................................................123.2.2编译执行...........................................................................................................143.2.3波形仿真...........................................................................................................153.2.4仿真器件原理图...............................................................................................16第4章实验结果.........................................................................................................................17结论................................................................................................................................................19参考文献.........................................................................................................................................20通信101，王奇（基于FPGA楼道声控灯设计）第1章声控灯工作原理220V交流电通过灯泡H及整流全桥后，变成直流脉动电压，作为正向偏压，加在可控硅VS及R支路上。白天，亮度大于一定程度时，光敏二极管D呈现底阻状态≤1KΩ，使三极管V截止，其发射极无电流输出，单向可控硅VS因无触发电流而阻断。此时流过灯泡H的电流≤2.2mA,灯泡H不能发光。电阻R1和稳压二极管DW使三极管V偏压不超过6.8V，对三极管起保护作用。夜晚，亮度小于一定程度时，光敏二极管D呈现高阻状态≥100KΩ，使三极管V正向导通，发射极约有0.8V的电压，使可控硅VS触发导通，灯泡H发光。RP是清晨或傍晚实现开关转换的亮度选择元件。由音频放大器、选频电路、延时开启电路和可控硅电路组成。它提供了一种操作简便、灵活、抗干扰能力强，控制灵敏的声控灯，它采用人嘴发出约1秒的控制信号“嘶”声，即可方便及时地打开和关闭声控照明装置，并有防误触发而具有的自动延时关闭功能，并设有手动开关，使其应用更加方便。[1]就是因为声控灯原理的原因，声控灯有一种有趣的现象，那就是光线充足时，任你发出多大的声音都不亮；但在黑夜，轻轻一声它就发出了亮光，