中考专题：不定式(答案不全)

中考专题：不定式（答案不全）1/13中考专题：动词不定式的构成不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式，本身无词义；它的否定形式是:nottodo.(1)常见的带to的不定式的动词有：打算想要学会它;(plan,want/wouldlike,learn)希望同意来选择;(hope/wish,agree/promise,choose)+todo准备决定被拒绝;(prepare,decide/determine,refuse)设法假装未做到.(manage,pretend,fail)askAsk,teach,allow,advise,persuade,require,tell,cause,invite，encourage，enable，expect+sb+todo小练习：Heaskedme______tohisbirthdayparty.A.togoB.goC.goesD.went(2)常见不带to的动词可以总结为：“五看”：see,watch,notice，look，observe“三使役：have,make,let“两听”：hear,listento“一感觉”：feel“半帮助：help**NOTE:这些动词用于被动语态时to是不省略的。例如：Iwasmadetodohomework.中考专题：不定式（答案不全）2/13还有在固定词组hadbetter之后。注意:hadbetter的否定形式是hadbetternotdosth.。例如:Youhadbettergohomenow.你最好现在回家。小练习：1.Somuchworkusuallymakesthem_______verytired.A.tofeelB.feelsC.feelingD.feel2.Manyboysandgirlsaremade______whatthey’renot______.A.todo,interestedB.todo,interestedinC.do,interestedinD.doing,interested3.Wesawhim__________thebuildingandgoupstairs.A.toenterB.enterC.enteringD.entered4.WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet.Isawaplane______overmyhead.A.fliesB.flyingC.flewD.tofly5.You'dbetter________yourcoat.It'scoldoutside.A.putonB.toputonC.puttingonD.putson二.句法功能功能例句说明主语TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus.=ItisnoteasyforustospeakEnglish.做主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为做主语。中考专题：不定式（答案不全）3/13宾语----Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?----Helikestoplaybasketball.只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。宾补SheaskedmenottospeakChineseinanEnglishclass.在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式可省略。定语Haveyougotanythingtosay?不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语I’msorrytotroubleyou.不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语要一致。(1)考查动词不定式做主语1.________isdifficulttoworkontheGreatWall.A.ThisB.ItC.ThatD.Its2.It'snice________you________mewithmymaths.A.for;tohelpB.for;helpingC.of;tohelpD.of;helping(2)考查动词不定式作表语：1.Hisambitionis__________________A.ateacherB.tobeateacherC.tobeteacherDteach(3)考查动词不定式作宾语1.Theydecided________attheendofthismonth.A.toleaveB.goingC.travelD.notstartout2.Allofusfound________difficulttoworkoutthemathsproblem.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.it3.Pleasestop________arestifyoufeeltired.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.has中考专题：不定式（答案不全）4/13(4)考查动词不定式作定语1.There'senoughbirdfood________foramonth.A.tolastB.lastC.lastsD.lasted2.Shehasnopaper________.A.towriteB.towritewithC.writeonD.towriteon(5)考查动词不定式作宾语补足语1.Motheraskedme________somefruitaftersupper.A.buyB.boughtC.buyingD.tobuy2.Lethim________arest.Ithinkhemustbetiredafterthelongwalk.A.haveB.getsC.totakeD.has3.Itwasrainingheavilyoutside.Thefathermadethechildren________intheroom.A.tostayB.stayC.stayingD.stayed4.-IsawBettygotoGrandpaZhang'shomejustnow.-Yes,sheisoftenseen________theoldmanwithhishousework.A.helpB.tohelpC.helpsD.helped(6)考查动词不定式作状语1.YesterdaymorningIgotupearly________belatefortheexam.A.inordertoB.inordertonotC.soasnottoD.soasto2.Let's________soasnot________lateforthemeeting.A.tohurry,toB.tohurry,tobeC.hurry,tobeD.hurry,be三:含有动词不定式的句式归纳常见的含有动词不定式的句式主要有以下几种：A)Ittakes(costs)sb.sometime（money）todosth.某人花费多少时间（金钱）做某事。例如：1.ItoftentakesmehalfanhourtowatchTVeveryevening.中考专题：不定式（答案不全）5/13每天晚上我常常用半小时看电视。在使用该句式要注意的是：sb.如果代词表示用宾格；take随时态改变；句中的时间用段时间，对时间提问用howlong。例Ittookusmorethantwohourstodoourhomeworkyesterday.Howlongdidittakeyoutodoyourhomeworkyesterday?B）It’stimetodosth.该做某事了，同义句为：It’stimeforsth./doingsth.例：It’stimetogotoschool.该上学了。=（It’stimeforschool.）It’stimetogetup.该起床了。=（It’stimeforgettingup.）此句可以扩展为：It’stimeforsb.todosth.是某人做某事的时间了。forsb.todosth.是动词不定式的复合结构。例：It’stimeformetowork.到我工作的时间了。It’stimeforyoutogotoschool.到你们上学的时间了。C）主语＋be（not）+adj.+enoughtodosth.（某人、某物）足够（不能）做某事。例：Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.中考专题：不定式（答案不全）6/13这个孩子到了上学年龄。I’mtallenoughtoreachthetopofthetree.我够高能够到树顶。Note1:此句是肯定句时，可以用主＋be＋so＋adj.＋that的句型（即so…that…表示的结果状语从句）来替换。Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.=Theboyissooldthathecangotoschool.II’mtallenoughtoreachthetopofthetree..=IamsotallthatIcanreachthetopofthetree.Note2:此句是否定句式时，既可以用so…that…引导的结果状语从句来替换，还可以用too…to…句式替换。例：(1)他太小不能去上班。Heisnotoldenoughtogotowork.Heissoyoungthathecan’tgotowork.Heistooyoungtogotowork.再如：这个箱子太重我搬不动Theboxisnotlightenoughformetocarry.Theboxistooheavyformetocarry.TheboxissoheavythatIcan’tcarryit.D）sb.+beready+todosth.（某人乐意做某事）Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.（他总是乐于帮助别人）中考专题：不定式（答案不全）7/13I’malwaysreadytomakenewfriends.我总是乐于结交新朋友。E）It’s+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.这是动词不定式的复合结构对某人来说做某事…例：It’sdangerousforchildrentoplayfootballinthestreet.对孩子来说在街上踢足球是很危险的。It’sverykindofyoutosayso.你这样说真是太好了。该句式中，引导动词不定式的逻辑主语的介词用for还是of，主要取决于前面的形容词。如果形容词是描述动词不定式的行为者的性格、品质的。如：kind,good,nice,wrong,right,clever,careless,foolish等，应用of；如果形容词仅仅是描述事物，不是对动词不定式的行为者的品质进行评价的，就用for.常见这类形容词有difficult,easy,hard,important,dangerous等。It’swrongofyoutodoit.你做这件事是错的。It’shardforyoutobealawyer.对你来说做律师很困难。F）主+wouldlike/lovetodosth.…喜欢（想做某事）I’dliketogotherewithyou.我很想和你一起去那。中考专题：不定式（答案不全）8/13I’dloveIliketohelpyoustudyEnglish.我很愿意帮你学英语。此句式还可以扩展为：wouldlike/lovesb.todosth.“喜欢/想让某人做某事。”I’dlikeyoutostayhere.我想让你留在这。I’dlikethemtohelpme.我想让他们帮助我。G）Whydon’tyou+动词原形+…？（Whynot＋动词原形…？）你为什么不…？这本书有点难，为什么不读些容易的？Thisbookisabithard,whynotreadsomethingeasier?It’swar