初中英语语法大全名词名词的定义及分类名词的数名词所有格010302目录CONTENT04名词的句法功能名词的定义及分类Part01名词是表示人、事物、地点和抽象概念的名称名词(人、事物、地点和抽象概念的名称)普通名词(同类统称)专有名词(个体)可数名词不可数名词个体名词chair、book集体名词people、family物质名词(不好数)rain、sunshine抽象名词(不能数)love、knowledge专有名词:指表示人、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称。具体说来,它包括人名、国家、地名、月份、星期、节日、书名、电影名以及某些抽象名词等。Jim吉姆China中国Mr.Smith史密斯先生July七月Friday星期五theYellowRiver黄河Christmas圣诞节English英语ATaleofTwoCities《双城记》如greatwall————————theGreatWall(伟大的墙)(长城)单击此处编辑您要的内容。更多作品请在稻壳儿搜索:青鸟演示普通名词:指表示一类人、东西、抽象概念的名词。•例如:•表示东西、事物的。如book、computer、tree、chopsticks(筷子)…•表示一类人的。如boy、girl、woman、man、teacher、father…•表示抽象概念,像人的情感、品质、精神的。如happiness、trouble、pleasure(愉快、快乐)、smart…辨认下列哪些是名词,哪些不是名词:computer,takecoffee,water,run.notebook.bring,table,sportinteresting,Mondayagenewactorsell名词的数Part02名词:可数名词不可数名词单数复数转变1、一般情况加词尾-s,如:book-books,desk-desksmonkey---monkeysholiday—holidaysoneappletwoapples2、以x,s,ch,sh等结尾的名词,通常加词尾-es:watch-watchesclass-classesbox-boxesdish-dishesmatch-matchesbrush-brushes不思吃食,最后饿死3、巧记以-o结尾+sheroes、potatoes、tomatoes、mangoes一人两菜一果4、以y结尾的名词,其复数构成要分两种情况:以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,将y改为ies;如:city-cities,baby-babiescountry-countries以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,直接加词尾-s:如:toy/toys,holiday/holidays等。halvesLeaf树叶leavesKnife小刀knives3、以f或fe结尾的名词,多数变f或fe为v加es,如:Life生命livesScarf围巾scarveswife(妻子)wivesthief(贼)thievesshelf(架子)half(一半)shelves死亡小口诀:妻子拿刀去宰狼,小偷看了心发慌;躲在架下保自命,半片树叶遮目光。练习:写出下列单词的单数或复数形式friendcattreessquestionsskeystoysphotostomatoespotatoesleaf/leaveszoosradiosholidaysbaby/babiescity/citiesroofsbusesboxescandy/candieshorses名词复数的不规则变化有的名词单数变复数时,没有一定的规则,需特别记忆:1)oo-----eetooth/teeth牙齿foot/feet脚goose/geese鹅2)单复数同形:英语中,有些名词的单数与复数同行:例:fish、deer(鹿)、sheep(绵羊)e.g:Therearemanyfishintheriver.Wehaveafishforlunch.fish鱼肉somefish鱼somefish鱼种somefisheschild--childrenwoman--womenman--menmouse--mice3)不规则变化ox/oxen公牛三口放牛挣便士,穷得只能吃耗子5pence5pennies中日瑞不变,Chinese、Japanese、Swiss英法加人变,Englishmen、Frenchmen其余S放后面.Russians、Germans4)单复数同形:5)特殊情况①有些名词只有复数形式,如:clothes,shorts,trousers,pants,socks,glasses②有的单词虽然是s结尾,但是不可数名词newsphysicsmathsgrassglass新闻物理数学草玻璃③有些物质名词或抽象名词的单、复数形式表示不同的含义,如:room(空间)—aroom(房间)work(工作)—works(著作)6)姓氏是专有名词,姓氏后面加-s,表示“一家”。theBlacks布莱克一家theLius刘家7)合成词变后面policeman---policemen、postman---postmenmandoctor-mendoctorswomanteacher-womenteachers8)复合名词①将主体词变为复数,如:anappletree→aboyclassmate→②将复合词中两个词都变为复数,此种复合词中第一个词须是man或woman,如:amanworker→awomanteacher→twoappletreestwentyboyclassmatesfivemenworkerstenwomenteachersExercise1.______turngreeninspring.A.LeafB.LeafsC.leaveD.Leaves2.The__ofthehousewerecoveredwithyellow___.A.roofs;leavesB.rooves;leafsC.roofs;leafsD.rooves;leaves3.Therearesix___andfive__inthisworkshop.A.mans;womansB.men;womenC.men;womansD.mans;women不可数名词口诀金木水火土金属wood液体firesoil/sand米面肉钱布riceflour肉类moneycloth抽象名词与概念磁场furniture情感态度不可数1)钱money不可数coin、note、bill可数2)cheese不可数3)paper有内容可数卷子、报纸、信无内容不可数白纸compasses圆规regards问候clothes衣服trousers裤子scissors剪刀单击此处编辑您要的内容。更多作品请在稻壳儿搜索:青鸟演示0102物质名词变为个体名词抽象名词变为个体名词物质名词个体名词glass玻璃aglass玻璃杯iron铁aniron熨斗wood木头awood小树林paper纸apaper报纸论文抽象名词个体名词youth青春ayouth青年人relation关系arelation亲属beauty美abeauty美人necessity必要性anecessity必需品修饰不可数名词1)some/any一些Isthere_____water?Canyougiveme______water?2)many+可复manybooksalotof=lotsofmuch+不可数muchwateranysome修饰不可数名词3)littlealittle+不可数fewafew+可数几乎没有一些①Ihave______time,Let'shurryup!②Youdon'thavetobuyanyapples,westillhave_________.③Ican'taffordthiscar,ihaveonly________money.有a有点,没a没点,只有一些littleafewalittle4)数词+名词+形容词构成的复合形容词,中间的名词不能用复数形式而须用单数形式,如:Heisafour-year-oldboy.他是个4岁的男孩。(four-year-old不能说成fouryearsoldafive-foot-deephole一个五英尺深的洞数杠名单量词容器形状计量单位paira(n)of的数字>1of(对,副)S容器形状bottlepiecebowlloaf条cupbar块glassslice丁boxbagpacketpound磅kilo(gram)千克1.Thereisabottleofwater.2.Therearetwobottlesofwater.不可数本无数,量词定单复不可数名词一般只用单数。它不能和a\an及数词搭配使用。不可数名词表示数量时,用量词。如:apieceofnewsapairofglassestwopiecesofbreadExercise1.There_______apoundofmeat.2.There________someloafsofbread.3.Thisbasketofapples______mine.4.Thispairofshoes______Lucy's.5.Thesetwopairsofshoes_____mine.6.Theshoes______Lucy's.7.Thisboxofmarkers______mine.isareisisareareisExercise1.Icanseeten_______inthepicture.A.dogB.pigC.sheep2.The______hastwo______.A.boys;watchesB.boy;watchesC.boy;watch3.Therearesome______onthefarm.A.applestreeB.appletreeC.appletreesExercise4.Weare_______.Theyare______.A.Chinese;GermansB.Chinese;GermanC.Chineses;Germans5.Wouldyoulike______?A.twoglassofwaterB.twoglassofwatersC.twoglassesofwater6.Tablesaremadeof___.A.woodB.woodsC.woodenD.somewoods7.Hehadsomethingtowritedownandaskmefor__.A.apaperB.somepapersC.somepiecesofpapersD.apieceofpaper名词所有格Part031.Tom的书Tom'sbook2.母亲的节日Mother'sDay3.教师的节日Teachers'Day4.儿童的节日Children'sDayⅠ+'s复数N+以S结尾'Ⅱ各有&共有TimandTom共有'sroomTomTimrooms's'sand有生命Ⅲ.of所有格A的B,BofA(A无生命)车的颜色树的树杈Themouthoftheriver河的入口theneckofthebottle瓶颈thefootofthemountain山脚amapofChinacarcolorthecolorofthecartheforkofthetreetreefork时距国城1.今天的报纸today'snewspaper2.三个小时步行的距离3.中国的首都China’scapital有些指时间、距离、国家和城镇等无生命的名词,也可以加's构成所有格。threehours'walk表示店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地点时,名词所有格后面的名词习惯上省略。如:thebarber's=thebarber'sshop理发店tomyaunt's=tomyaunt'shouse到我姑姑家Exercise1..........wearegoingtohave________holidayA.5-dayB.5day'sC.5days'D.5-