乳腺癌新辅助治疗的共识和争论华中科技大学同济医学院同济医院张林新辅助化疗•ImproveSurgicalOptions•ObtainInformationonResponse•ObtainLongTermDiseaseFreeControlHaagensen和Stout2001年NSABPB-18•临床II,III期乳腺癌患者I期患者行新辅助化疗的意义商不确定IV期患者化疗为姑息化疗,而非新辅助化疗的适应症•对隐匿性乳腺癌行新辅助化疗也是可行的疗效•临床总体疗效达到60%~90%,•5%患者可能进展,•3%~30%达到病理完全缓解(pCR),•化疗联合赫赛汀方案对HER-2过表达患者pCR达到50%左右。可手术的乳腺癌患者随机IIIAC×4AC×4手术手术新辅助化疗是否有生存期优势?NSABPB-18研究n=757n=747•新辅助化疗可以带来显著近期疗效–术前化疗组获得更高的手术治疗机会•Preoperation:67.8%•Postoperation:59.8%•长期生存未显示优势:–DFS,DDFS,OS均无统计学差异新辅助化疗是否有生存期优势?NSABPB-18研究DFSDDFS0S新辅助化疗是否有生存期优势?NSABPB-18研究•pCR是新辅助化疗生存获益的标志:–新辅助化疗组随访9年结果:•pCR患者的DFS:85%(术后残留患者DFS:73%)•pCR患者的OS:75%(术后残留患者OS:58%)DFSRFSDDFSOS可手术的乳腺癌患者随机IIIIIIACx4TamX5YrsACx4TamX5YrsACx4TamX5Yrs手术多西他赛x4手术手术多西他赛x4多西紫杉醇新辅助研究:NSABPB-27研究40%45%100%80%60%40%20%0P0.001AC(1502pts)ACTaxotere(687pts)65%26%cCRcPRcNR14%9%85%91%NSABPB-27:cCR9.13.718.97.29.94.4051015202530Grp.IGrp.IIGrp.IIIDCISonlyNoTumor%*p0.001fortestofheterogeneityacrossgroupsn=764n=76712.8%*26.1%*14.3%*n=775NSABPB-27:pCRNSABPB-27OSDFS各组间DFS,OS无统计学差异有无pCR患者的DFS和OS具有统计学差异新辅助化疗收益患者群特征•pCR•pCR的定义是手术切除标本中原发灶和腋下淋巴结(ALN)同时均无浸润性癌残留pCR是新辅助治疗的评估指标(临床试验)TrialRegimen(s)WithpCRNopCRpvalueNSAPBB-181–3ACDFS75%OS85%DFS58%OS73%NRMDACC4FACDFS87%OS87%DFS51%OS58%p0.001Rouzier,etal.5FACCMFF+C+thiotepaDDFS74.7%DDFS51.3%p=0.01NSABPB-276ACAC→Doc(Docgivenpre-orpost-operatively)DFSHR=0.45OSHR=0.33p0.0001p0.00011.Fisher,etal.JCO1997;2.Fisher,etal.JCO19983.Wolmark,etal.JNCIMonogr20014.Kuerer,etal.AnnSurg19995.Rouzier,etal.JCO2002;6.Bear,etal.JCO2006A=doxorubicin;C=cyclophosphamideDDFS=distantdisease-freesurvivalDoc=docetaxel;F=5-fluorouracil;M=methotrexate•pCRistheultimatemeasureofresponseintheneoadjuvantsetting–currentlythebestsurrogateforeliminationofdistantmicroscopicmetastaticdisease1•pCRhasbeenidentifiedasaprognosticfactorforsurvival2•ResponsetoneoadjuvanttherapyasdeterminedbypCRmayhaveutilityinclinicalpracticefortailoringtreatmenttotheindividualpatient3–however,evidenceforthebenefitofthisapproachisinconclusive,andthisuseremainsinvestigationalatpresent1,31.Makhoul&Kiwan.JSurgOncol20112.Wolmark,etal.JNCIMonogr20013.Debled&Mauriac.AnnOncol2010pCR=pathologicalcompleteresponsepCR是新辅助治疗的评估指标新辅助化疗方案和疗程•目前辅助化疗的有效方案均可作为新辅助化疗方案•NCCN:辅助化疗的有效方案均可作为新辅助化疗方案–以蒽环类为主的方案:CAF,FAC,AC,FEC,CEF–蒽环与紫杉联合方案:A(E)T,TA(E)C–蒽环与紫杉续贯方案:AC-P或AC-T–其它含蒽环类的化疗方案:NE(N:长春瑞滨)•若2周期化疗后肿瘤无变化或反而增大时,需更换化疗方案或采用其它方法。新辅助化疗的方案中国抗癌协会乳腺癌诊治指南与规范(2008版)•蒽环仍然是基石作用•紫杉类化疗药物可以提高pCR•目前比较一致的观点:–新辅助化疗的疗程数是4~6个周期,–序贯方案可以到8个周期,–新辅助内分泌治疗可以达到9个月左右。•从临床研究结果分析:–不足4个疗程新辅助化疗pCR率:10%;–完成4个疗程以上新辅助化疗的pCR率:15%新辅助化疗的疗程•三阴性乳腺癌新辅助化疗方案的选择•HER2(+)乳腺癌新辅助化疗方案的选择•三阴性乳腺癌新辅助化疗方案的选择•HER2(+)乳腺癌新辅助化疗方案的选择•三阴性乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗的疗效和长期生存结果•JCO,2008,11•1118例,MD.Anderson(255TN)•TN的pCR高于非TN。有残留病灶TN的生存率低于非TN。特别是头三年。•EfficacyofNeoadjuvantCisplantininTriple-NegativeBreastCancer•JCO,2010,28,1145•28例TN,Cisplantin75mg/m2×4•部分TN,单药顺铂有效。BRCA1低表达可鉴别出顺铂敏感的TN。•AssessmentofanRNAinterferencescreen-derivedmitoticandceramidepathwaymetageneasapredictorofresponsetoneoadjuvantpaclitaxelforprimarytriple-negativebreastcancer:aretrospectiveanalysisoffiveclinicaltrials•TheLancetOncology,1March2010•DrCharlesSwanton•829genes,neoadjuvantchemo•ThepaclitaxelresponsemetagenesEarlyOnlinePublication•三阴性乳腺癌新辅助化疗方案的选择•HER2(+)乳腺癌新辅助化疗方案的选择–选择含herceptin的方案证实能改善生存pCRrateswithneoadjuvanttrastuzumabregimens(16studies,1,221patients)DefinitionofpCRmayvarybetweenstudies*CapwasgiveneitherconcurrentlyorsequentiallywithDoc+T0102030405060708090100pCR(%)Antón,etal.2007(N=26)My+Doc+TUntch,etal.2010*(N=445)EC+TDoc+T±CapTCoudert,etal.2007(N=70)Doc+TMarty,etal.2007(N=30)ECDoc+TLimentani,etal.2007(N=31)Doc+V+T(includingIBC)Bines,etal.2003(N=32)Doc+TBurstein,etal.2003(N=40)Pac+T(includingIBC)Kelly,etal.2006(N=37)ACPac+T(includingIBC)Harris,etal.2003(N=40)V+T(includingIBC)Hurley,etal.2002(N=48)Doc+cisplatin+T(includingIBC)Tripathy,etal.2007(N=28)Pac+Cap+TLybaert,etal.2006(N=25)X+D+TBuzdar,etal.2007(N=45)PacFEC+TPernas,etal.2007(N=33)PacFEC+TGianni,etal.2010(N=117)APacPacCMF+T(includingIBC)Untch,etal.2005(N=217)ECPac+T(includingIBC)Cap=capecitabine;FEC=5-FU+epirubicin+cyclophosphamide;IBC=inflammatoryBC;My=Myocet;T=trastuzumab;V=vinorelbine;X=capecitabine乳腺癌新辅助靶向治疗pCR是新辅助靶向治疗的评估指标•TECHNO-test:phaseIIstudyofneoadjuvantchemotherapyandtrastuzumabTECHNO:pCRisaprognosticfactorforbothDFSandOSinHER2-positiveeBCUntch,etal.JCO2011pCRNopCR1.00.80.60.40.20DFSprobabilityTime(months)06121824303642485460Log-rankp=0.0033No.atriskpCR8479626247177nopCR1331189684653314No.atriskpCR8479615743165nopCR13311886765627101.00.80.60.40.20OSprobabilityTime(months)Log-rankp=0.0074pCRNopCR06121824303642485460WhatisprognosticfactorforDFS&OSafterneoadjuvanttherapy?UntchM,etal.JClinOncol.2011Jul25.[Epubaheadofprint]pCR是新辅助靶向治疗的评估指标新辅助治疗中曲妥珠单抗联合化疗可提高pCR•NOAH研究:43%vs23%;•GeparQuattro研究:45.5%vs20.6%2010SABCS新辅助试验新辅助治疗辅助治疗曲妥珠单抗和/或帕妥珠单抗+/-多西它赛拉帕替尼和/或曲妥珠单抗紫杉醇+拉帕替尼和/或曲妥珠单抗拉帕替尼和/或曲妥珠单抗(完成满1年治疗)0-2452122170(III期)NEOSPHERE(II期)周FEC,5-氟尿嘧啶+表柔比星+环磷酰胺*多西它赛仅给予其中未接受化疗新辅助治疗的患者曲妥珠单抗+FEC(3周期)(完成满1年治疗)曲妥珠单抗(完成满1年治疗)SURGERY-12-18FEC(3周期)FEC(3周期)多西