综合英语Book-IV-unit-8-Antarctica

Unit8AntarcticaAntarctica1.Lead-in2.Background3.Textanalysis4.Stylisticanalysis5.Oralwork6.HomeworkPre-readingquestion:Whatarethefouroceansandthesevencontinentsintheworld?IndianOceanOceaniaAfricaThePacificOceanNorthAmericaAsiaEuropeSouthAmericaAntarcticaAtlanticOceanArcticOceanPre-readingQuestion:whereisAntarctica?SouthAmericaThePacificOceanOceaniaAfricaAntarcticaBriefintroductiontoAntarcticaTheword“Antarctica”camefromGreek.GeographyThefifth-largestcontinentSurroundedbytheSouthernPacific,AtlanticandIndianOceansCoversmorethan14millionKm2[1.3timesaslargeasEurope]About98%iscoveredbyicesheet[about98%oftheworld’sice]ClimateThecoldestplaceonEarthmeantemperatureisgenerallyabout-88℃,colderthanthoseareasinanequivalentlatitudeoftheArctic.lowesttemperaturerecordedwas-89.2℃Afrozendesertwithlittleprecipitationwhichisonly200mmResourcesAbout220kindsofminerals,Suchascoal,iron,copper，gold.PopulationTherearenopermanentresidents,butanumberofresearchstations.Thenumberofpeopleconductingandsupportingscientificresearchisabout1000-5000.ALongHistoryofExplorationItwasfirstsightedintheearly19thcentury.Scientistsexploredonlyfragmentsofitscoastsbytheendofthe19thcentury.ExplorersfirstreachedtheSouthPolein1911.Thefirstpermanentsettlements(scientificstations)wereestablishedintheearly1940s.InrecentyearsincreasingnumbersoftouristshavevisitedAntarctica.ALongHistoryofExplorationTheearliestexplorationsofthesouthpolarseasweremadein1772--1775byaBritishexpeditioncommandedbyCaptainJamesCook.ExplorationoftheAntarcticintensifiedinthe1820sand1830s.DonaldGordonPayneBornin1924inLondonBritishnovelistandwriterofdocumentariesPennames:JamesVanceMarshall,IanCameron,andDonaldGordonMajorworksTheMidnightSea[1958]Walkabout(1959)[masterpiece]TheLostOnes(1969)TheWindatMorning[1973]TheLastContinent[1974]White-Out(1999)RidersoftheStorm(2002)What’sthemainideaofthistext?ThetextisaboutAntarctica---whyithasnotbeenconqueredbymansofarandhowour“tenure”ofitisquestionableeventoday.Howmanypartscanthetextbedividedinto?Part1(Line1~Line2):BriefIntroductiontoAntarctica.Part2(Line11~Line21):ThecomparisonbetweentheArcticandtheAntarctic.Part3(Line22~Line49):Antarcticadoesnotprovidethebasicessentialstolife.Part4(Line50~Line52):ThegreatestdrawbacktotheunveilingofAntarcticaisthenatureofthesea.Listentotherecordingofthetext,anddiscusswithyourpartneraboutthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweentheArcticandtheAntarcticonthefollowingaspects:location,climate,bioticpopulationandhumanactivity.BetweentheArcticandtheAntarcticSimilaritiesandDifferencesLocationsimilaritiesdifferencesBothareinthepolarregionsoftheglobe.TheArcticishemmedinbythelandmassesofEurope,AmericaandAsia.TheAntarcticisinsplendidisolationandissurroundedbyseas.ClimatesimilaritiesdifferencesBotharecold.TheAntarcticismuchcolderthantheArctic.TheArcticprovidesrainfall,warmthandadegreeofstillness,whiletheAntarcticdoesnot.BioticpopulationsimilaritiesdifferencesTherearevegetationsandanimalsinbothoftheregions.ThousandsofplantsandanimalssurviveintheArctic.InAntarctica,theonlyplantsareahandfulofmossesandlichens;theonlylandlifesimpleone-celledcreaturesandwinglessflies.HumanActivitysimilaritiesdifferencesHumanssetfootonbothoftheregions.IntheArctic,thousandoffamiliesliveincomfortalltheyearround,hundredsofchildrenareborneveryyear.InAntarctica,thereisnopermanenthabitationexceptscientificresearchstations,nohumanchildhasbeenbornthere.1.Techniquestoarouseinterestandpresentingstrikingdescription.•Statingthecentralthemeatthebeginning•TurningtodescriptionandnarrationasaidtogiveintroductiontoAntarctica.•Simile:Antarctica---------greatlantern2.Concretedata,statisticsandfactsEg.Thisicesheetcovers5,500,000squaremiles.Itaveragesmorethan7,000feetinthickness.Itcontainsmorethan90percentoftheworld’siceandsnow.3.ComparisonandcontrastEg.TheArcticiscloselyhemmedinbythepopulatedlandmasses…;theAntarcticincontrastisinsplendidisolation....ItisalsothefactsthewriterusetosupporthisclaimthatourknowledgeaboutAntarctica.4.Directquotationsofauthorities.Rainfall:lessthan5centimetersayearWarmth:thecoldestplaceonearth,-88℃Degreeofstillness:peoplecannotevenstandstillinAntarctica.Wind:mainandmostcruelcharacteristiciswind.5.Strikingconclusion,givingafinalsenseofunity.Eg.YetclimatebyitselfwasnotthemaindrawbacktotheunveilingAntarctica:anevengreaterdrawbackwasthenatureofthesea—thesouthernocean—whichsurroundsit.6.ParallelstructuresEg.inthissortofcold,ifyoutrytoburnacandle,theflamebecomesobscuredbyahoodofway,ifyoudropasteelbar,itislikelytoshatterlikeglass,andifyouhaulupafishthroughaholeintheice,withinfive,itisfrozensosolidthatithastobecutwithasaw.LanguagepointsWordstudyparaphrase…themostdistinctivefeatureofourplanetis…distinctive:Servingtoidentifyorsetapartanindividualorgroupadistinctiveappearance,style,smellLongcomplexsentencesaredistinctiveofHenryJames'slaterstyle.Alcoholhasaverydistinctivesmell;it'squitedistinctfromthesmellofwine.distinctivelyadv:distinctivelycoloreddistinctivenessn[U].Seenfromspace,theastronautstellus,themostdistinct