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个人收集整理资料，仅供交流学习，勿作商业用途1.PoorRichard’sAlmanacisanannualcollectionofproverbswrittenbyBenjaminFranklin.2.PhilipFreneaudevelopedanatural,simple,andconcretediction,bestillustratedinsuchnaturelyricsas“TheWildHoneySuckle”and“TheIndianBuryingGround”.3.PhilipFreneauhasbeencalledthe“FatherofAmericanPoetry”.4.InWashingtonIrving’sSketchBookappearedthefirstmodernshortstoriesandthefirstgreatAmericanjuvenileliterature.5.“ToaWaterfowl”isperhapsthepeakofWilliamCullenBryant’swok.6.“Thanatopsis,WilliamCullenBryant’sbest-knownpoem,consistsoffourstanzasiniambictetrameterabab.Thetitlemeans“viewofdeath”.7.EdgarAllanPoeisconsidered“fatherofAmericandetectivestoriesandAmericangothicstories”.8.Emersonbelievedaboveallinindividualism,independenceofmind,andself-reliance.9.InWalden,Thoreauthoughtitbetterforamantoworkonedayaweekandrestsix,andtherestofthetimecouldbedevotedtothought.个人收集整理资料，仅供交流学习，勿作商业用途10.Hawthorne’sstoriestouchthedeepestrootsofman’smoralnature.11.Afterhisdeath,LongfellowbecametheonlyAmericantobehonoredwithabustinthePoet’sCornerofWestminsterAbbey.12.ThepoeticstyleWaltWhitmandevisedisnowcalledfreeverse.13.HenryJamesisfamousforhisinternationalthemeofthetraditionlessAmericanconfrontingthecomplexityofEuropeanlife.14.JackLondonbelievedintheinevitabletriumphofthestrongestindividuals.Terms1.Transcendentalism2.Naturalism3.TheLostGeneration5.Modernism6.Romanticism7.PuritanismIdentifythefragments.2.FrommorningsunsandeveningdewsAtfirstthylittlebeingcame;个人收集整理资料，仅供交流学习，勿作商业用途Ifnothingonce,younothinglose,Forwhenyoudieyouarethesame;Thespacebetween,isbutanhour,Thefraildurationofaflower.(1)Whoisthewriteroftheseverses?(2)Whatisthetitleofthispoem?(3)Giveabriefcommentonthispoems.Answer:(1)PhilipFreneau(2)TheWildHoneysuckle(3)HereFreneauoffersaversionofanabundantAmericawithpotentialforprovidingagoodlifeforall.ThepoemisalsoanindicationofhisdedicationtoAmericansubjectmatterasheexaminedpeculiarlyAmericancharacteristicsofthecountryside.3.Fromthelistlessreposeoftheplace,andthepeculiarcharacterofitsinhabitants,whoaredescendantsfromtheoriginalDutchsettlers,thissequesteredglenhaslongbeenknownbythenameofSLEEPYHOLLOW,anditsrusticladsarecalledtheSleepyHollowBoysthroughoutalltheneighboringcountry.Drowsyanddreamyinfluenceseemstohangovertheland,andtopervadetheveryatmosphere.Somesaythattheplacewas个人收集整理资料，仅供交流学习，勿作商业用途bewitchedbyahighGermandoctor,duringtheearlydaysofthesettlement;others,thatanoldIndianchief,theprophetorwizardofhistribe,heldhispowwowstherebeforethecountrywasdiscoveredbyMasterHendrickHudson.Question:(1)Whoisthewriterofthisshortstoryfromwhichthepassageistaken?(2)Whatisthetitleofthisshortstory?(3)Giveadefinitionof“shortstory”?Answer:(1)WashingtonIrving(2)TheLegendofSleepyHollow(3)Ashortstoryisabriefprosefiction,usuallyonethatcanbereadinasinglesitting.Itgenerallycontainsthesixmajorelementsoffictioncharacterization,setting,theme,plot,pointofviewandstyle.5.Togointosolitude,amanneedstoretireasmuchfromhischamberasfromsociety.IamnotsolitarywhilstIreadandwrite,thoughnobodyiswithme.Butifamanwouldbealone,lethimlookatthestars.Theraysthatcomefromthoseheavenlyworlds,willseparatebetweenhimandvulgarthings.Onemightthinktheatmospherewasmadetransparentwiththisdesign,to个人收集整理资料，仅供交流学习，勿作商业用途giveman,intheheavenlybodies,theperpetualpresenceofthesublime.Seeninthestreetsofcities,howgreattheyare!Ifthestarsshouldappearonenightinathousandyears,howwouldmenbelieveandadore;andpreserveformanygenerationtheremembranceofthecityofGodwhichhadbeenshown!Buteverynightcomeoutthesepreachersofbeauty,andlighttheuniversewiththeiradmonishingsmile.Question:(1)Thisparagraphistakenfromafamousessay.Whatistheessay?(2)Whoistheauthor?(3)Whatdoestheauthorsaywouldhappenifthestarsappearedonenightinathousandyears?(4)Giveapeculiartermtocovertheauthor’sbelief.Answer:(1)Nature(2)RalphWaldoEmerson(3)Then,themencannotbelieveandadoretheGod,cannotpreservetheremembranceofthecityofGodwhichhadbeenshown.(4)Transcendentalism6.Isabelalwaysfeltanimpulsetopulloutthepins;notthat个人收集整理资料，仅供交流学习，勿作商业用途sheimaginedtheyinflictedanydamageonthetougholdparchment,butbecauseitseemedtoherauntmightmakebetteruseofhersharpness.Shewasverycriticalherself-itwasincidentaltohersex,andhernationalitybutshewasverysentimentalaswell,andtherewassomethinginMrs.Touchett’sdrynessthatsetherownmoralfountainsflowing.Questions:(1)Thispassageistakenfromawell-knownnovel.Whatisthenameofthenovel?(2)Whoistheauthorofthisnovel?(3)Makeabriefcommentontheheroineofthisnovel?(4)Whatisthemeoftheauthor?Tellsomethingaboutit.Answer:(1)ThePortraitofaLady(2)HenryJames(3)SheisoneoftheJamesianAmericangirls.ShearrivesinEurope,fullofhope,andwithawilltoliveafreeandnoblelife,butinfact,sheonlyfallspreytothesinisterdesignsoftwovulgarandunscrupulousexpatriates,MadamMerleandGilbertOsmond.(4)JamesianthemereferstoHenryJames’shandlingofhismajorfictionaltheme,“theinternationaltheme”:the个人收集整理资料，仅供交流学习，勿作商业用途meetingofAmericaandEurope,AmericaninnocenceincontactandcontrastwithEuropeandecadenceandthemoralandPsychologicalcomplicationsarisingtherefrom.Givebriefanswerstothefollowi