distribution

Project3DistributionManagement配送管理Whatisdistributionanddistributionmanagement?Gettingtheproductsorservicetotherightpeopleattherighttimewithspecialconsiderationforprofitandeffectiveness.WhatistheDistributionCenter?（什么是配送中心？）Distributioncenterisalogisticslink.Itsmainfunctionistocarryonphysicaldistribution.Indetail,itisalargeandautomatedcenterdesignedtoreceivegoodsfromvariousplantsandsuppliers,takeorder,fillthemefficiently,anddelivergoodstocustomersontime.ThedifferencebetweenDistributionCentersandWarehouses（配送中心和仓库的区别）Unlikeawarehouse,however,it’semphasisisonthemovingofgoodsratherthanonlong-termstoragecenter.Itislocatedclosetoamajormarket.Itcanachievetotherapidprocessingofordersandshipmentofgoodtocustomers.Thedifferencesindetailareasfollows:Text2DistributionManagementWarehouses(Ws)handlemostproductsinreceiving,storingandshipping;whiledistributioncenters(DCs)handlemostproductsinreceiving,picking,packagingandshipping.Wsperformaminimumofvalue-addedactivities(receive-store-shipgenerallyinoriginalforms),whileDCsperformagreatdealofvalue-addedactivities,e.g.,finalassembly.Wscollectdatainbatches(generallyreceiveandshipgoodsinbatches),whileDCscollectdatainrealtime.Text2DistributionManagementWsstoreallproducts(sloworfastmoving),whileDCsholdpredominantlyhighdemanditems.Wsfocusonminimizingtheoperatingcoststomeetshippingrequirements,whileDCsfocusonmaximizingtheprofitimpactoffulfillingcustomerdeliveryrequirement.Text2DistributionManagement【Para3】OperationFlowofDistributionCenter（配送中心的运作流程）Therearesevenstepsofoperationflowinthedistributioncenter.Goodsconsolidation：Itreferstoreceivegoodsfromvariousplantsandsuppliers.Storage：Itreferstokeepthegoodsinthewarehouses.Text2DistributionManagementOrderPicking：Itreferstopickupthedestinedgoodsaccordingtotheorders.Purchase：Itreferstomakeorderswiththesuppliers.Orderfill：Itreferstofilltheorders.Sorting：Itreferstoputthegoodsintoseparatedpackageaccordingtotheorder.Distribution：Itreferstodispatchthegoodsinthespecifictransportationmode.Text2DistributionManagement【Para4】CostofDistribution（配送成本）Distributionisanimportantaspectofacompany’smarketingandproductioneffortandthecostsofdistributionbearonthefinaldeliveredcostofanyproduct.Transportationcosts：Themostusedmodeoftransportationishighwaymotortransport.Butthecostofthismodeisrelativelyhigh.Changingthelocationandthenumberofwarehouseschangetransportationcostsinunanticipatedandcomplexways.Text2DistributionManagementStoragecosts：Toprovidecustomerservicethroughthecompany’schosenchannelsofdistribution,somewarehousingisrequired.Thekeepingofstocksgivesrisetocosts.Costsofproduction：Itvariesbetweenlocations,withthelevelofinvestmentandwiththevolumeofoutput.Productiondecisionsmusttakeaccountofdistributioncosts.Text2DistributionManagementCommunicationsanddataprocessingcosts：Itvarieswiththecomplexityofthedistributionfunctionandoperation.Thisincludesthelevelofcustomerserviceprovided,orderprocessing,inventorycontrolandtransportdocumentation.