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政论翻译揭廷媛Contents•政论文及政论翻译的特点•政论翻译的忌讳•政论翻译技巧什么是政论文•政论文，也称“政论体”、“政论语体”•王德春：政论语体因其宣传鼓动性，可直接为政治斗争及思想宣传服务。•冯庆华：以政治问题为中心内容的语篇似乎都称得上是政论文，……如果说竞选演说、就职演说是西方特有的政论形式的话，那么党和国家领导人共商国事或者对各部门及地方领导同志知道工作的谈话则算是最具中国特色的一种政论文形式。政论翻译的特点•外交部资深翻译家程镇球提出“政治文章的翻译要讲政治”以及“政治翻译工作者要具有政策头脑和政治敏感”。政论翻译要突出政治•《邓小平文选》第3卷•“……我说名字叫经济特区，搞政治特区就不好了……当时我们党内还有人采取怀疑的态度，香港舆论界不管是反对我们的还是赞成我们的，也都有人持怀疑态度，不相信我们是正确的。”•ButIsaidtheyshouldbecalledspecialeconomiczones,notspecialpoliticalzones,becausewedidn’tlikeanythingofthatsort…Atthattime,anumberofpeopleofdifferentpoliticalpersuasions,fromHongKongjournaliststopartymembers,wereskepticalaboutthatpolicy.•Atthattime,somepeopleinthepartyhaddoubtsaboutthatpolicy,andsomeofthepeopleinHongKongwhethertheywereforusoragainstus,wereskepticaltooandthoughtitwasincorrect.•《中英关于香港问题的联合声明》“联合王国政府于一九九七年七月一日将香港交还给中华人们共和国”•return/restore•RestoreHongKongtothePeople’sRepublicofChina政治文献的译文要忠实于原文•一、译文一定要紧扣原文，不得删减、自由发挥、轻易颠倒次序；•二、政治文章的翻译要仔细衡量用词的政治含义与影响；•三、从事政治文章的翻译的通知要有政策头脑和政治敏感；•四、政治文章的翻译要注意掌握分寸，用词轻重恰如其分。•李岚清讲话，“抓学习，讲形势，统一思想认识”•Wehaveorganizedstudiesofgovernmentpoliciestoclarifythesituationandreachaconsensusonwhatwewantedtoaccomplish•“四大”，大鸣，大放，大字报，大辩论……这个“四大”的做法，作为一个整体来看，从来没有产生积极的作用。•TheSida---thatis,speakingoutfreely,airingone’sviewsfully,writingbig-characterpostersandholdinggreatdebates…Butwhenwesumupourhistoricalexperience,wehavetorecognizethat,takenasawhole,thesepracticeshaveneverplayedapositiverole.•取消了不利于发扬社会主义民主的所谓”大鸣，大放，大字报，大辩论”。•Thesocalledrightto“speakout,airviewsandholddebatesinabigwayandwritebig-characterposters”,whichactuallyobstructsthepromotionofsocialistdemocracy,wasdeletedfromtheconstitution.翻译中的唯物辩证法思想•翻译文体必须依托原文文字，再透过文字联系全篇，进行由此及彼、由表及里的仔细分析和推敲，从而抓住原文的思想实质，所以译文的选词造句不可以孤立存在，局部必须服从整体，构成一个紧密联系的整体。•“……坚决按照党中央的要求把清查工作认真搞好。”•“…investigationshouldberesoluteandconscientiousinaccordancewiththerequirementsoftheCentralCommittee.”•“……要认真搞好各条战线的整顿工作。”•“…doathoroughcheckuponallourwork”•整顿好各方面的工作•Straightenthingsoutineveryfieldofendeavor•关键是整顿好各级领导班子•Themostimportantthinghereistoconsolidatetheleadingbodiesatvariouslevels.政论翻译中的“忌讳”•1.忌不讲政治•中国改革开放•Thepolicyofreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld•Theopen-doorpolicy•《中美建交公报》“美利坚合众国承认中华人民共和国政府是中国的唯一合法政府。”•TheUnitedStatesofAmericarecognizesthattheGovernmentofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaisthesolelegalGovernmentofChina.•TheUnitedStatesofAmericarecognizestheGovernmentfthePeople’sRepublicofChinaasthesolelegalGovernmentofChina.•2.忌脱离语境，产生歧义•“香港特别行政区将保持自由港和独立关税地区的地位”•Anindependentcustomsterritory•TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionwillretainthestatusofafreeportandseparatecustomsterritory.•3.忌一味求简•“汉语历来有使用形象加强表达的传统，现实社会中人们也喜欢用些群众所喜闻乐见的形象来增强表达的感染力。因此，在极为正式的政治文件中也不时闪现出这类活泼的、生动的表达。”•实行“八七扶贫攻坚计划”•Tocarryouttheplantoassist80millionpeopleinhavingsufficientfoodandclothingwithinsevenyears•三农问题•Threeissuesconcerningagriculture,countrysideandpeasants•Threeruralproblemsofruraleconomy,ruraldevelopmentandruralburdens•4.忌过于冗繁中国政府将采取更加有力的措施，进一步健全耕地保护制度，切实加强基本农田保护。Chinesegovernmentwilladoptstillmoreeffectivemeasurestoimprovethelandpreservationsystemandstrengthentheprotectionofbasicfarmland.•5.忌掺杂个人感情色彩•《中国大陆和台湾和平统一的设想》、•“和平统一已成为国共两党的共同语言。但不是我吃掉你，也不是你吃掉我。”•subjugate,annihilate,wipeout•gulp,swallow,gobbleup政论翻译技巧•《中式英语之鉴》UnnecessaryWords•A:toacceleratethepaceofeconomicreform•B:toaccelerateeconomicreform•A:livingstandardsforthepeopleinbothurbanandruralareascontinuedtorise•B:livingstandardsinbothurbanandruralareascontinuedtorise•A:thesehardshipsaretemporaryinnature•B:thesehardshipsaretemporary•A:promotingthecauseofpeacefulreunification•B:promotingpeacefulreunification•A:itisimpossibleforustoaccomplishthetransformationofthewholesocietyovernight•B:itisimpossibleforustotransformthewholesocietyovernight.•A:untilChinarealizesindustrialmodernization•B:untilChinamodernizesitsindustry•A:weadoptedthepolicyofwithdrawal•B:wewithdrew(decidedtowithdraw)•A:thismeasurewillhavearestrictiveeffectontheactivitiesofspeculators.•B:thismeasurewillrestricttheactivitiesofspeculators.•A:itisespeciallynecessarytomakegreateffortstoassimilatetheachievementsofothercultures.•B:itisespeciallynecessarytoassimilatetheachievementsofothercultures.•A:nowthegovernmentisworkinghardtoimprovetaxation.•B:thegovernmentisworkinghardtoimprovetaxation.•A:thattheorytooisavaluableideologicaltreasureoftheParty•B:thattheorytooisanideologicaltreasureoftheParty•A:theseninesyearsconstituteaperiodinwhichthenationaleconomicstrengthhasincreased.•B:intheseninesyearstheeconomyhasgrownstronger.•A：Ithinktherewilldefinitelybegenuinestabilityandunity•B:Iamcertainthattherewillbegenuinestabilityandunity•A:thesepracticesshouldbetotallyabolished•B:thesepracticesshouldbeabolished•A:activeeffortsshouldbemadetodevelopsmall-scalemining•B:effortsshouldbemadetodevelopsmall-scalemining•A:tobenefitthepeoplebymeansofaneffectivecontroloftheYellowRiver•B:tobenefitthepeoplebycontrollingtheYellowRiver