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M7U1LivingwellGrammar动词不定式(Infinitive)•由“to+do”构成,否定形式_______________•FunctionsofInfinitive:•主语(Subject)、表语(Predicative)、宾语(Object)、宾补(ObjectComplement)、定语(Attribute)、状语(Adverbial)、做独立成分(Independentcomponent)与疑问词等连用P.S:•不定式可有自己的逻辑主语,即forsb.todosth.•动词不定式不能作_____谓语not/nevertodo1.不定式作主语(subject)•Tofinishthisreporttookhimaweek.•眼见为实。•Toseeistobelieve.=Seeingisbelieving.•It’simpossible_____humanstoflylikeabirdnow.•It’spolite____youtogreeteveryone.•P.S:•单个不定式作主语时，谓语动词用______。•不定式作主、宾、表通常表示具体的、一次性的、特定的行为。•若不定式太长，多用it作________,不定式置后。forof单数形式主语2.不定式作表语(Predicative)•WhatIwouldsuggestistoputoffthemeeting.•Toseeistobelieve.=Seeingisbelieving.P.S:主语为不定式，表语也需为_______.•我的工作是要帮助病人。•Myjobistohelpthepatients.•不定式常用在系动词be,seem,appear,get,remain等后作表语．•Theonlythingtodonowis(to)goon.•WhatI’lldois(to)tellherthetruth.•Allhedidjustnowwas(to)completetheform.P.S:当主语含有______________，作表语的不定式可省略____.不定式do的某种形式to3.不定式作宾语(Object)•Idecidedtoaskformymoneyback.•我觉得他不可能在这么短的时间内完成任务。•Ifeelitimpossibleforhimtofinishthejobinsuchashorttime.•It作________：•think/consider/find/feel/believe/suppose/make+it+adj./n.+todosth.形式宾语4.不定式作宾补(ObjectComplement)1)带to的不定式作宾补动词:allow,order,force,permit,tell,want,wish,forbid,advise,persuade,warn等后皆以带to的不定式作宾补。2)他做了一个鬼脸,逗得大家都笑了。•Hemadeafaceandmadeuslaugh.作宾补的不定式不带to:•使役动词make,have,let;•感官动词see,watch,observe,hear,listento,notice等被动态Hemadeafaceandwe__________________.weremadetolaughP.S.若上述结构变为被动语态,to要还原。1.Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallsuddenlyfromthetree.2.MothermadeJohnwashthecarforaweek.Johnwasmadetowashthecarforaweek.5.不定式作定语(Attribute)•Couldyoulendmeapen_____________(write)?•Heislookingforaroom_______________(live).•Pleasepassmesomepaper___________(write).P.S：若不定式是vi.,不定式后介词不可省。•Hehadplace________(live).P.S：不定式所修饰的名词若是time,place或way，其的介词习惯上省去。towritewithtoliveintowriteontolive5.不定式作定语(Attribute)•她总是第一个到最后一个离开。•Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.P.S：当名词被thefirst,thelast,theonly等序数词以及形容词最高级修饰时，通常用不定式作定语。•Themeeting_________(hold)tomorrowisimportant.P.S：不定式作定语表示未发生的动作。tobeheldsomething,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。Doyouhaveanything_________(send)?Ihavenothing_________(say).tosendtosay不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间有主谓、同位、动宾三种关系：(1)______关系Ihavealotofworktodo.(2)______关系Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.(3)______关系Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.动宾主谓同位6.不定式作状语(Adverbial)1)目的状语(todo,inorderto,soastodo)•Istayedtheretoseewhatwouldhappen.•Hespokeloudlyinordertobeheard.2)结果状语(too…todo,so/such…astodo)•Helayinthebedonly_______hisfeetexposed.•Hegotthereonly________(find)thetraingone.3)原因状语(be+adj.+todo)sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel…•Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.•Ihavetosaygoodbyenow.I’mhappytomeetyou.tofindtofind[辨析]doing/todo作结果状语Iwenttoseemyauntonlytofindherout.Iwenttoseemyaunt,findingherout.•Hedonatedalotofmoney__________(enable)theorphanstogotoschool.•Hedonatedalotofmoney,__________(enable)theorphanstogotoschool.toenableenabling____________(老实说),Iamnothappyatthemoment.•tobefranktobehonesttotellthetruth•tobeshorttobeginwithtobeexact•tomakealongstoryshort7.不定式作独立结构(Absoluteconstruction)Tobehonest动词不定式的时态和语态形式主动被动一般式进行式完成式完成进行式todotohavedonetobedoingtohavebeendoingtobedonetohavebeendone(1)Theypretendednottoseeus.(2)Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3)Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行。)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。)(4)We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续。)•Itisanhonorforme__________(invite)toattendthemeeting.•Hewantsthehouse____________(repair)atonce.tobeinvitedtoberepaired1)Doyouhaveanythingelse______(say)?2)Boss,doyouhaveanything_______(type)?3)Withmuchhomework_____(do),Ican’tgotoplayfootballwithyou.4)Thequestionisverydifficult_________(answer).5)Theproblemiseasy___________(dealwith).主语＋be+adj.+todoadj.:difficult,easy,comfortable,fit,hard,pleasant,tiresome,interesting,nice,heavy,dangerous,light,important…...6)Theriverwateriswarmenoughtoswimin.7)Theiceistoothintoskateon.•too…todo,…enoughtodo注意：一、不定式的主动形式表示被动意义tosaytobetypedtodotoanswertodealwith1.如果主语部分有do,用作表语的不定式可省略to。•你要做的就是快点完成任务。•Allyouhavetodois(to)finishthejobquickly.2.感官动词、使役动词后作宾补时,省去to；但在被动语态中to还原。•他们看到男孩从树上跌了下来。Theysawtheboyfallfromthetree.=Theboywasseentofallfromthetree.注意：二、不定式to的省略3.can’tbut/can’tchoosebut/can’thelpbut/can’tdobut+doShecoulddonothingbut_______(cry).•Wecannotchoosebut_____(leave)atonce.•Ihavenochoicebut______(go).•Wecannothelpbut_______(think)so.注意：二、不定式to的省略crytogothink4.不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.-Wouldyouliketogowithme?-I’dlike______.to•不定式是tobe结构,be不可省.-Wouldyouliketobeateacher?-I’dlike______.tobeleave不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。•Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.•Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.•Myquestioniswhentostart.注意：三、不定式与疑问词连用宾语主语表语•为什么不休息下呢？•Whynothavearest?•P.S:在与why连用时，只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中，后跟不带to的动词不定式。stoptodosth.停下来去做某事doingsth.停止做某事forgettodosth.忘记去做某事doingsth.忘记已做了某事remembertodosth.记得去做某事doingsth.记得曾经做某事注意：四、几对易混淆的词组1.LastsummerItookacourseon____.A.howtomakedressesB.howdressesbemadeC.howtobemadedressesD.h