管理英文术语

英文术语中文翻译定义Accept验收Theactofformallyreceivingoracknowledgingsomethingandregardingitasbeingtrue,sound,suitable,orcomplete.Acceptance验收SeeacceptAcceptanceCriteria验收标准Thosecriteria,includingperformancerequirementsandessentialconditions,whichmustbemetbeforeprojectdeliverablesareaccepted.AcquireProjectTeam[Process]组建项目团队Theprocessofobtainingthehumanresourcesneededtocompletetheproject.Activity活动Acomponentofworkperformedduringthecourseofaproject.Seealsoscheduleactivity.ActivityAttributes[Output/Input]活动属性Multipleattributesassociatedwitheachscheduleactivitythatcanbeincludedwithintheactivitylist.Activityattributesincludeactivitycodes,predecessoractivities,successoractivities,logicalrelationships,leadsandlags,resourcerequirements,imposeddates,constraints,andassumptions.ActivityCode活动编码Oneormorenumericalortextvaluesthatidentifycharacteristicsoftheworkorinsomewaycategorizethescheduleactivitythatallowsfilteringandorderingofactivitieswithinreports.ActivityDefinition[Process]活动定义Theprocessofidentifyingthespecificscheduleactivitiesthatneedtobeperformedtoproducethevariousprojectdeliverables.ActivityDescription(AD)活动描述Ashortphraseorlabelforeachscheduleactivityusedinconjunctionwithanactivityidentifiertodifferentiatethatprojectscheduleactivityfromotherscheduleactivities.Theactivitydescriptionnormallydescribesthescopeofworkofthescheduleactivity.ActivityDuration活动历时Thetimeincalendarunitsbetweenthestartandfinishofascheduleactivity.Seealsoactualduration,originalduration,andremainingduration.ActivityDurationEstimating[Process]活动历时估算Theprocessofestimatingthenumberofworkperiodsthatwillbeneededtocompleteindividualscheduleactivities.ActivityIdentifier活动标识符Ashortuniquenumericortextidentificationassignedtoeachscheduleactivitytodifferentiatethatprojectactivity*fromotheractivities.Typicallyuniquewithinanyoneprojectschedulenetworkdiagram.ActivityList[Output/Input]活动列表Adocumentedtabulationofscheduleactivitiesthatshowstheactivitydescription,activityidentifier,andasufficientlydetailedscopeofworkdescriptionsoprojectteammembersunderstandwhatworkistobeperformed.Activity-on-Arrow(AOA)AOA、双代号法Seearrowdiagrammingmethod.Activity-on-Node(AON)AON、单代号法Seeprecedencediagrammingmethod.ActivityResourceEstimating[Process]活动资源估算Theprocessofestimatingthetypesandquantitiesofresourcesrequiredtoperformeachscheduleactivity.ActivitySequencing[Process]活动排序Theprocessofidentifyinganddocumentingdependenciesamongscheduleactivities.ActualCost(AC)实际成本Totalcostsactuallyincurredandrecordedinaccomplishingworkperformedduringagiventimeperiodforascheduleactivityorworkbreakdownstructurecomponent.Actualcostcansometimesbedirectlaborhoursalone,directcostsalone,orallcostsincludingindirectcosts.Alsoreferredtoastheactualcostofworkperformed(ACWP).Seealsoearnedvaluemanagementandearnedvaluetechnique.ActualCostofWorkPerformed(ACWP)已执行工作的实际成本Seeactualcost(AC).ActualDuration实际历时Thetimeincalendarunitsbetweentheactualstartdateofthescheduleactivityandeitherthedatadateoftheprojectscheduleifthescheduleactivityisinprogressortheactualfinishdateifthescheduleactivityiscomplete.ActualFinishDate(AF)实际完成日期Thepointintimethatworkactuallyendedonascheduleactivity.(Note:Insomeapplicationareas,thescheduleactivityisconsidered“finished”whenworkis“substantiallycomplete.”)ActualStartDate(AS)实际开始日期Thepointintimethatworkactuallystartedonascheduleactivity.AnalogousEstimating类比估算AnestimatingtechniquethatusestheBudgetatCompletion(BAC)完工预算Thesumofallthebudgetvaluesestablishedfortheworktobeperformedonaprojectoraworkbreakdownstructurecomponentorascheduleactivity.Thetotalplannedvaluefortheproject.BudgetedCostofWorkPerformed(BCWP)已执行工作的预算成本Seeearnedvalue(EV).BudgetedCostofWorkScheduled(BCWS)计划工作的预算成本Seeplannedvalue(PV).Buffer缓冲Seereserve.Buyer买方Theacquirerofproducts,services,orresultsforanorganization.CalendarUnit日历单位Thesmallestunitoftimeusedinschedulingtheproject.Calendarunitsaregenerallyinhours,days,orweeks,butcanalsobeinquarteryears,months,shifts,oreveninminutes.ChangeControl变更控制Identifying,documenting,approvingorrejecting,andcontrollingchangestotheprojectbaselines*.ChangeControlBoard(CCB)变更控制委员会Aformallyconstitutedgroupofstakeholdersresponsibleforreviewing,evaluating,approving,delaying,orrejectingchangestotheproject,withalldecisionsandrecommendationsbeingrecorded.ChangeControlSystem[Tool]变更控制系统Acollectionofformaldocumentedproceduresthatdefinehowprojectdeliverablesanddocumentationwillbecontrolled,changed,andapproved.Inmostapplicationareasthechangecontrolsystemisasubsetoftheconfigurationmanagementsystem.ChangeRequest变更请求Requeststoexpandorreducetheprojectscope,modifypolicies,processes,plans,orprocedures,modifycostsorbudgets,orreviseschedules.Requestsforachangecanbedirectorindirect,externallyorinternallyinitiated,andlegallyorcontractuallymandatedoroptional.Onlyformallydocumentedrequestedchangesareprocessedandonlyapprovedchangerequestsareimplemented.ChartofAccounts[Tool]账目图表Anynumberingsystemusedtomonitorprojectcosts*bycategory(e.g.,labor,supplies,materials,andequipment).Theprojectchartofaccountsisusuallybaseduponthecorporat