甘肃省20182019学年兰州第一中学高一12月月考英语试题

兰州第一中学2018-2019学年高一12月月考英语试题第I卷第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。AElectricShocInjuriescausedbyelectricshocarefairlymon.Whenapersonhasreceivedanelectricshoc，nooneshouldgonearhim/heruntilthecurrenthasbeenturnedoff.Ifashococcurringatwororathomecausessomeonetoloseconsciousness（知觉）,electricalconnectionmustbebroenbeforeanyonetriestogiveassistance.Youshouldeitherturnofftheswitchatthemainsor，ifthatisnotpossible，pushthepersonawaywithadrypieceofwood.TreatmentofShocLoooutforsignsofshoc.Peoplewhohavebeeninjuredorwhomayhavelostalotofblood,orthosewhohavehadheartattacs,maybeindeepshoc.Thesignstolooforarefaintness,paleness,amoist，sticysin,shallow,rapidbreathingandafastbutweaheartbeat.Shoccanprovefatal,anditisessentialtodosomethingtopreventitsdeveloping.Thebestwaytotreatorpreventshocistoeepthepatientlyingdown,betterwiththelegshigherthanthehead；ifpossible，raisethelowerpartofthebodyonarolled-uppacetorsimilarobject.Maethepatientasfortableaspossible，looseninganytightclothing，andforthim/herbecausefrightincreasestheeffectsofshoc.1.Whatwouldhappenifyoudidn’tturnoffthecurrentwhenyouhadtotreatanunconsciouspersonwhohadjustreceivedanelectricshoc?A.Hewouldregainhisconsciousnesssoon.B.Hewoulddiesoon.C.Electricalconnectionwouldbebroen.D.Youwouldbeindangerofgettingtheshocyourself.2.Matchthepictureswiththepassages.A.Picture2.ElectricShoc;Picture3.TreatmentofShocB.Picture1.ElectricShoc;Picture4.TreatmentofShocC.Picture4.ElectricShoc;Picture2.TreatmentofShocD.Picture3.ElectricShoc;Picture1.TreatmentofShoc【答案】1.D2.D【解析】本是一篇介绍说明文。文章介绍了触电及触电后如何急救的相关知识。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的Whenapersonhasreceivedanelectricshoc,nooneshouldgonearhim/heruntilthecurrenthasbeenturnedoff.及第二段中的Ifashococcurring…electricalconnectionmustbebroenbeforeanyonetriestogiveassistance.可推知，如果你在治疗一个刚刚遭受电击的昏迷病人时没有关掉电流，你自己也有被电击的危险。故D选项正确。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段可知，第3幅图描绘的是ElectricShoc，由最后一段第二句Thebestwaytotreat...orsimilarobject.可判断出第1幅图描绘的是TreatmentofShoc.故D选项正确。BMichaelFaradaywasthesonofablacsmith.Therewerefourchildreninhisfamilyand，withhisfatheroftenillandunabletowor，MichaelFaradayhadtoearnhislivingfromanearlyage.Thismeantlittleornoschooling.However，thefamilybelongedtoareligiousgroup，andFaradaylearnttoreadandwriteatSundaySchool.Whenhewasonlyfourteen，Faradayfoundajobasaboobinder（装订工）.Heusedtoreadthebooshewasgiventobindandhebecameveryinterestedinthescientificboos，particularlytheonesaboutelectricity.Hisinterestsoontooapracticalpathandhebeganconductinghisownexperiments.ThesewereverybasicbecauseFaradayhadtomaeallofhisequipmenthimself.However，hewasverycarefulandeptaclearwrittenrecordofallhisfindings.OnedayhewasgivenanentranceticettotheRoyalInstitutechemistrylecture，givenbyHumphryDavy.Determinedtoworforthisgreatscientist，hesentDavyajobapplicationandincludedhislaboratoryreportsontheexperimentshehadcarriedout.In1813DavyofferedFaradayajobasoneofhislaboratoryassistants.Faradaylearntquiclyandsoonwasrecogniedasaveryableanalyticalchemist.LaterhewenttoworattheRoyalInstitute.MichaelFaradaywas，perhaps，thegreatestpracticalscientistofthe19thcentury.Asachemist，hediscoveredthebenene（苯），whichisnowthefocalpointofchemicalstudy.Healsoprovedtherelationshipbetweenelectricityandchemicalbonding（化学键合）.Asaphysicist，heinventedthedynamo，whichledtothelaterinventionoftheelectricmotor.Healsodiscoveredtheeffectofmagnetism（磁）onlightrays.3.WhydidFaradayattendSundaySchool?A.Hehadtoworforaboobinderatweedays.B.Hehopedtoreadmanyofthescientificboosthere.C.Hewouldlietolearnreligiousnowledge.D.Hisfamilycouldn'taffordhisnormalschooleducation.4.Whenworingasaboobinder，Faraday______.A.publishedhisgreatfindingsonelectricityB.madehisownequipmentforhisexperimentsC.readmanyboosbyHumphryDavyD.gainedhisfameasapracticalscientist5.InordertogetachancetoworforDavy，Faraday______.A.boughtticetstoattendDavy'slectureB.senthisexperimentreportstoDavyC.wenttotheRoyalInstitutetovisitDavyD.offeredtodolaboratoryworforfree6.WhichofthefollowingistherightorderofFaraday'slife?a．Alaboratoryassistant.b．AstudentofSundaySchool.c．Aboobinder.d．Ananalyticalchemist.A.a­b­c­dB.b­c­d­aC.b­c­a­dD.c­b­a­d【答案】3.D4.B5.B6.C【解析】本文记叙文。文章主要讲述了MichaelFaraday如何成长为一名伟大的学家（物理学家及化学家）以及他在物理和化学领域取得的研究成果。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句至第四句可知，Faraday年幼时家境贫寒，上不起正规的学校，只好上了主日学校。故D选项正确。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二、三句可知，Faraday做图书装订工作的时候，为自己的实验亲自动手制作实验器材。故B选项正确。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，为了能为Davy工作，Faraday递交了自己的实验报告。故B选项正确。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章描述可知，Faraday先是在主日学校学习，后来成为图书装订工，然后又做了实验室助理，最后成为了一名分析化学家。故C选项正确。CDrivingacarisnotjusthandlingcontrolsandjudgingspeedanddistance.Itrequiresyoutopredictwhatotherroaduserswilldoandgetreadytoreacttosomethingunexpected.Whenalcoholisconsumed，itentersyourbloodstreamandactsasadepressant(抑制药)，damagingeyesight，judgmentandco­ordination(协调)，slowingdownreactiontimeandgreatlyincreasingtherisofaccidents.Evenbelowthedrindrivinglimit，drivingwillbeaffected.Alcoholmaytaeafewminutestobeabsorbedintothebloodstreamandstartactiononthebrain.Absorptionrateisincreasedwhendriningonanemptystomachorwhenconsumingdrinsmixedwithfruitjuice.Togetridofalcoholfrom