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Unit1BreakingrecordsTeachingResourcesSection3:WordsandexpressionsfromUnit1Breakingrecordsapproximateadj.(abbr.approx)almostcorrectoraccurate,butnotcompletelyso:anapproximatenumber/total/costThecostgivenisonlyapproximate.Usethesefiguresasanapproximateguideinyourcalculations.conventionaladj.1.(oftendisapproving)tendingtofollowwhatisdoneorconsideredacceptablebysocietyingeneral;normalandordinary,andperhapsnotveryinteresting:conventionalbehaviour/moralityShe’sveryconventionalinherviews.2.[usuallybeforenoun]followingwhatistraditionalorthewaysthhasbeendoneforalongtime:conventionalmethods/approachesIt’snotahotel,intheconventionalsense,butratherawholevillageturnedintoahotel.3.[usuallybeforenoun](especiallyofweapons)notnuclear:conventionalforces/weaponsAconventionalwarwouldstillcauseunacceptabledevastation.aconventionalpowerstation(=usingoilorcoalasfuel,ratherthannuclearpower)laughternoun[U]theactorsoundoflaughing:toroarwithlaughtertears/gales/peals/shrieksoflaughtertoburst/dissolveintolaughterahousefulloflaughter(=withahappyatmosphere)Hegaveasnortofderisivelaughter.realitynoun(pl.-ies)1.[U]thetruesituationandtheproblemsthatactuallyexistinlife,incontrasttohowyouwouldlikelifetobe:Sherefusestofacereality.You’reoutoftouchwithreality.Therealityisthatthereisnotenoughmoneytopayforthisproject.Theyseemedtohavetheperfectmarriagebuttherealitywasverydifferent.2.[C]athingthatisactuallyexperiencedorseen,incontrasttowhatpeoplemightimagine:theharshrealitiesoflifeThisdecisionreflectstherealitiesofthepoliticalsituation.Thepaperlessofficeisstillfarfrombeingareality.Willtimetraveleverbecomeareality?adjustmentnoun[C,U]1.asmallchangemadetosthinordertocorrectorimproveit:I’vemadeafewadjustmentstothedesign.Someadjustmentofthelensmaybenecessary.2.achangeinthewayapersonbehavesorthinks:Shewentthroughaperiodofemotionaladjustmentafterhermarriagebrokeup.toughadj.(tougher,toughest)DIFFICULT1.havingorcausingproblemsordifficulties:atoughchildhoodItwasatoughdecisiontomake.She’sbeenhavingatoughtimeofit(=alotofproblems)lately.Hefacesthetoughesttestofhisleadershipsofar.Itcanbetoughtryingtojuggleacareerandafamily.STRICT/FIRM2.~(on/withsb/sth)demandingthatparticularrulesbeobeyedandshowingalackofsympathyforanyproblemsorsufferingthatthismaycause:Don’tbetootoughonhim—hewasonlytryingtohelp.It’sabouttimeteachersstartedtogettoughwithbullies.Theschooltakesatoughlineon(=punishesseverely)cheating.Localtradersarecallingfortougheractionagainstvandals.STRONG3.strongenoughtodealsuccessfullywithdifficultconditionsorsituations:atoughbreedofcattleHe’snottoughenoughforacareerinsales.She’satoughcookie/customer(=sbwhoknowswhattheywantandisnoteasilyinfluencedbyotherpeople).4.(ofaperson)physicallystrongandlikelytobeviolent:Youthinkyou’resotough,don’tyou?Heplaysthetoughguyinthemovie.MEAT5.difficulttocutorchewNOTEASILYDAMAGED6.noteasilycut,broken,torn,etc.:atoughpairofshoesThereptile’sskinistoughandscaly.UNFORTUNATE7~(onsb)(informal)unfortunateforsbinawaythatseemsunfair:Itwastoughonherbeingdroppedfromtheteamlikethat.(ironic)‘Ican’tgetitfinishedintime.’‘Tough!’(=Idon’tfeelsorryaboutit.)extremeadj.1.[usuallybeforenoun]verygreatindegree:Weareworkingunderextremepressureatthemoment.peoplelivinginextremepovertyI’mhavingextremedifficultyinnotlosingmytemperwithher.Theheatinthedesertwasextreme.2.notordinaryorusual;seriousorsevere:Childrenwillberemovedfromtheirparentsonlyinextremecircumstances.Don’tgodoinganythingextremelikeleavingthecountry.ItwasthemostextremeexampleofcrueltytoanimalsIhadeverseen.extremeweatherconditions3.(ofpeople,politicalorganizations,opinions,etc.)farfromwhatmostpeopleconsidertobenormal,reasonableoracceptable:extremeleft-wing/right-wingviewsanextremenationalistorganizationTheirideasaretooextremeforme.4.[onlybeforenoun]asfaraspossiblefromthecentre,thebeginningorinthedirectionmentioned:KerryisintheextremewestofIreland.Shesatontheextremeedgeofherseat.politiciansontheextremeleftofthepartynoun1.afeeling,situation,wayofbehaving,etc.thatisasdifferentaspossiblefromanotherorisoppositetoit:extremesofloveandhateHeusedtobeveryshy,butnowhe’sgonetotheoppositeextreme(=changedfromoneextremekindofbehaviourtoanother).2.thegreatestorhighestdegreeofsth:extremesofcold,windorraintheclimaticextremesofthemountainsgo,etc.toextremes|takesthtoextremestoactorbeforcedtoactinawaythatisfarfromnormalorreasonable:It’sembarrassingtheextremeshe’llgotoinordertoimpresshisboss.Takentoextremes,thiskindofbehaviourcanbedangerous.Inthejungletheyweredriventoextremesinordertosurvive.intheextreme(formal)toagreatdegree:Thejourneywouldbedangerousintheextreme.unfitadj.1.~(forsth)|~(toeat,drink,livein,etc.)|~(todosth)notofanacceptablestandard;notsuitable:Thehousingwasunfitforhumanhabitation.Thefoodonofferwasunfitforhumanconsumption.Thiswaterisunfittodrink.Mostofthebuildingsareunfittolivein.Theydescribedhimasunfittogovern.(technical)Manyofthehouseswerecondemnedasunfit.(technical)Thecourtclaimssheisanunfitmother.2.~forsth|~todosthnotcapableofdoingsth,forexamplebecauseofillness:He’sstillunfitforwork.Thecompany’sdocto